Quiz 3: 1860s-1940s

Question 1

Answer 1

Alexander Gardner, The Home of the Rebel Sharpshooter: Battlefield at Gettysburg, 1863, albumen print

1. The American Civil War was the first war to be documented by photography
2. The picture is fabricated to an extent- the deceased were brought to an area and posed
3. Photography was seen by some artists as a threat to painting

Question 2

Answer 2

Gustave Courbet, A Burial at Ornans, 1849, oil on canvas

1. Ornan was Courbet’s home town
2. Courbet wanted to celebrate everyday people in his paintings
3. The mundane subject matter of the painting enraged people because it lacked a history paintings grandness, importance, and heroicism

Question 3

Answer 3

Jean-Francois Millet, The Gleaners, 1857, oil on canvas

1. The gleaners refers to what the women are doing- they picked up the grains that the harvesters missed to supplement their food supply
2. Millet wanted to make Parisians aware of the French people that were suffering
3. At this time revolutionary ideas were taking root and people were no longer content with social inequality and classism

Question 4

Answer 4

Edouard Manet, The Luncheon on the Grass, 1863, oil on canvas

1. The depiction of a naked woman with two clothed men was shocking and repulsive to the public
2. Titian and Giorgione’s contrast between the clothed and unclothed was okay because unlike Manet, their paintng had a classical reference
3. The painting composition seems off; it lacks depth, it’s not quite to scale and it’s arrangement is odd

Question 5

Answer 5

Eduoard Manet, Olympia, 1863, oil on canvas

1. Olympia was a prostitute
2. Manet decided to make his own art show with others that had been rejected from the Salon
3. This was probably inspired by Titian’s Venus of Urbino

Question 6

Answer 6

Thomas Eakins, The Gross Clinic, 1875, oil on canvas

1. This takes place in Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia
2. This was deemed to gory for a centennial celebration exhibit
3. This was originally bought by a museum in Arkansas, but the people of Philly bought it back

Question 7

Answer 7

Henry Ossawa Tanner, The Banjo Lesson, 1893, oil on canvas

1. Tanner wanted to tell the story of black people in Appalachia
2. He wanted to celebrate the passing of knowledge from one generation to the next
3. He wanted to counter negative stereotypes of stupiditiy and simplicty about African Americans that came from minstrel shows

Question 8

Answer 8

James Abbott McNeill Whistler, Nocturne in Black and Gold, the Falling Rocket, 1875, oil on panel

1. At that time, rocket meant fireworks
2. Whistler had synesthesia, so his senses could cross (see sound, hear color, etc.)
3. He favored abstraction, where the focus is more on brushwork

Question 9

Answer 9

Claude Monet, Impressions: Sunrise, 1872, oil on canvas

1. Impressionist painters advocated for working outside and painting landscapes
2. Landscapes did not mean only images from nature- this painting includes smokestacks, cranes, and boats
3. Impressionist painters used very visible, broad brushstrokes and pastel colors

Question 10

Answer 10

Berthe Morisot, Summer’s Day, 1879, oil on canvas

1. As a woman artist, Morisot was more limited in what and where she was allowed to paint
2. Paris was the epicenter for impressionism
3. In impressionist paintings, colors were mixed directly on the canvas

Question 11

Answer 11

Georges Seurat, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of la Grande Jatte, 1884-1886, oil on canvas

1. Seurat painted by pointilism, meaning everything in his painting was created with dots
2. He used optical color mixing, meaning he juxtaposed different colors together so the overall hue appears as one rich color
3. Until now, children were usually only portrayed formally in portraits

Question 12

Answer 12

Paul Gauguin, Day of the God, 1894, oil on canvas

1. Gaugin actually started his career as a stock broker
2. He was Peruvian and French
3. He moved to Tahiti to get away from European society’s rules and explore painting

Question 13

Answer 13

Edvard Munch, The Scream, 1910, tempera and oil on canvas

1. The painting communicates primarily on an emotional level, rather than telling a story
2. It was all about the act of screaming; the body is very abstracted and the head almost looks like a skull
3. This painting inspired the mask in Hollywood’s “Scream” movie

Question 14

Answer 14

Louis Sullivan, Wainright Building, 1890-1891, St. Louis Missouri

1. Sullivan believed that form follows function in architecture
2. The bottom two floors are retail space with a sandstone exterior
3. At this point, skyscrapers were a new type of building

Question 15

Answer 15

Paul Cezanne, Mont-Sainte-Victoire, 1885-1887, oil on canvas

1. Unlike impressionists, Cezanne slowed down the process and revisted subjects continually
2. The tree was used to set up depth, and the branches match the contours of the mountain
3. Cezanne wanted to create the illusion of 3-D in his paintings

Question 16

Answer 16

Henri Matisse, The Joy of Life, 1905-1906, oil on canvas

1. This is in the Barnes collection in Philadelphia
2. Matisse’s work was expressive and it was more important for him to convey a mood than a moment
3. People dancing in circles is a common theme in Matisse’s works

Question 17

Answer 17

Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon, 1906, oil on canavas

1. This is one of the most famous western art pieces because of how revolutionary it was
2. This takes place in a brothel in Barcelona
3. The space is collapsed, so that everything is on the same plane

Question 18

Answer 18

Pablo Picasso, Ma Jolie, 1911-1912, oil on canvas

1. Ma Jolie means my pretty
2. Ma Jolie was also a popular song at the time-there’s a treble clef in the painting
3. There is absolutely no depth in this painting

Question 19

Answer 19

Vassily Kandinsky, Improvisation 28, 1912, oil on canvas

1. He was an expressionist who wa more concerned with emotion than with constructing form
2. Kandinsky was influenced by the music of the composer Schoenberg
3. He believed in theosophy, which was the combination of theology and philosophy

Question 20

Answer 20

Kazimir Malevich, Suprematist Painting, 1915, oil on canvas

1. Suprematism meant that color was superior over all
2. Revolutions were going on in Russia at this time that Malevich hoped would improve Russia for the better
3. He believed his art would be a new art form for the future

Question 21

Answer 21

Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1917, porcelain plumbing fixture and enamel paint

1. Duchamp created this becaus he wanted to see if it would get him kicked out of an art show, which it did.
2. Dada was a new art form during this time, characterized by absuridity and disorganization
3. R Mutt is a play off the name of the plumbing company that made the urinal

Question 22

Answer 22

Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye, 1929-2930, Poissy-sur-Seine, France

1. This house was modeled, in some ways, after grain silos
2. Le Corbusier was trying to unite the interior and exterior of the house
3. He believed homes should be a machine for living

Question 23

Answer 23

Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House, 1906-1909, Chicago, Illinois

1. Wright also designed the Guggenheim in NYC
2. Wright was Louis Sullivan’s most famous student
3. The roof that juts out on a horizontal plane is called a cantilever and it’s made of concrete reinforced with steel

Question 24

Answer 24

Cass Gilbert, The Woolworth Building, 1911-1913, New York City

1. It’s 60 stories tall
2. Woolworths was a franchise of five and dime stores
3. It’s called the commercial cathedral because of its spires, arches, and gargoyle-like faces

Question 25

Answer 25

Walter Gropius, Bauhaus Building, 1925-1926, Anhalt, Germany

1. Bauhaus translates to building house
2. Bauhaus believed that when you designed a building, you designed all aspects of it; from the structure to furniture, light fixtures, carpets, etc.
3. This building housed a school for architecture and design

Question 26

Answer 26

James Van Der Zee, Couple Wearing Raccoon Coats with a Cadillac, 1932, gelatin silver print

1. He wanted to go agaist negative stereotypes about African Americans and show their accomplishments and hopes
2. This was a rare show of prosperity during the Great Depression
3. He was trained as a musician, but he wanted to be a photograper

Question 27

Answer 27

Pablo Picasso, Guernica, 1937, oil on canvas

1. This painting was a commentary of the rise of fascist powers in Europe
2. This depicts the town of Guernica that the Spanish government allowed Nazis to bomb for training practice
3. The painting wasn’t moved to Spain until 1980, after Franciso Franco died

Question 28

Answer 28

Jacob Lawrence, The Great Migration, Panel 1 (World War I), 1940-1941, tempera on masonite

1. This was part of a 60 panel series
2. the materials he used were everyday materials because he wanted people to feel that his art was accessible
3. During World War I many African Americans migrated north to start a new life, away from Jim Crow

Question 29

Answer 29

Frida Kahlo, The Two Fridas, 1939, oil on canvas

1. Frida Kahlo was married to Mexican artist, Diego Rivera
2. She had a tragic life that’s hard to separate from her artwork
3. The two outfits show her split heritage: she was Mexican and German