Quiz 2: 1600-1860

Question 1

Answer 1

Anne-Louise Girodet-Trioson, Portrait of Jean-Baptiste Belley, 1797, oil on canvas

1. Belley was a Haitian slave that bought his freedom
2. The red, white, and blue represent liberty, equality, and fraternity
3. The bust is of Raynal, a philospher who’s writing inspored the revolution

Question 2

Answer 2

John Henry Fuseli, The Nightmare, 1781, oil on canvas

1. This is the epitome of romanticism because it is very emotional
2. The demon, Incubus, sitting on her pelvis creates a sexual innuendo, suggesting that he rapes her while she is sleeping
3. Fuseli was ahead of his time in terms of utilizing a psychodyamic theme that attempts to explore the subconscious

Question 3

Answer 3

Rembrandt van Rijn, The Night Watch, 1642, oil on canvas

1. The men in the painting were called musketeers who were hired to defend the city and do civic works
2. This was meant to be a snapshot of life, so no one is supposed to look posed
3. The painting was actually given the name “The Night Watch” at the end of the 18th century because it had been covered by so much dirt and varnish that it looked like it took place at night.

Question 4

Answer 4

Johann Balthasar Neumann, Church of the Fourteen Saints, 1743-1772, near Bamberg, Germany

1. The altar is built over the spot the 14 saints appeared in a vision
2. The church was built in a standard cross shape, but with lots of ovals and circles inside, to break away from rigid form
3. Because this was done in a late Baroque and Rococo style, the interior is ornate and somewhat over-the-top

Question 5

Answer 5

Diego Velazquez, Las Meninas, 1656, oil on canvas

1. Las meninas means the ladies in waiting
2. Group portraits were a new genre of painting
3. Velazquez included himself in the painting-He is the one behind the canvas

Question 6

Answer 6

Eugene Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People: July 28, 1830, 1830, oil on canvas

1. This is a small revolution which was common following the reinstation of the French monarchy after the French Revolution
2. The woman, Mariann, is the personification of liberty
3. The painting depicts all types of people to show that the revolution will benefit all of them

Question 7

Answer 7

Artemesia Gentileschi, Judith Beheading Holofernes, c. 1619-1620, oil on canvas

1. Gentileschi usually painted women struggling for power in a male-dominated world
2. Judith was an old-testament Jew who killed an enemy Assyrian officer to save other Jews.
3. Gentileschi was inspired by Caravaggio

Question 8

Answer 8

Clara Peeters, Still Life (with Flowers, Goblet, Dried Fruit, and Pretzels), 1611, oil on panel

1. Tulips are associated with the Netherlands, where Peeters was from
2. Still lifes were a way of showing off people’s wealth because they were able to display their possessions
3. Clara Peeters includes her self-portrait several times in the reflections in the painting

Question 9

Answer 9

Caravaggio, The Calling of St. Matthew, 1599-1600, oil on canvas

1. Caravaggio was not highly respected because he killed someone over either a woman or a tennis match
2. Caravaggio might have chosen Matthew because he was a tax colllector who was not favored by society, much like Caravaggio
3. Caravaggio often used criminals as models for his paintings

Question 10

Answer 10

Giovanni Battista Piranesi, View of the Pantheon, Rome, 1756, etching

1. This is an example of neoclassical art, which was a renewal of interest in classical art, through the study of archaeology and art
2. The print helped people in their studies and was a way to show others what they saw on thier world tour
3. During the time this was created, archaeologists dug up Pompeii

Question 11

Answer 11

Rembrandt van Rijn, The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp, 1632, oil on canvas

1. This painting was revolutionary because it made a group portrait dynamic.
2. Each figure is meant to have his own thoughts, reactions, and opinions.
3. The cadaver was a recently executed thief

Question 12

Answer 12

Jacques-Louis David, Death of Marat, 1793, oil on canvas

1. Marat was a Republican politician who was assassinated by a woman from another revolutionary faction
2. Marat is in a sulphuric bath because he had a skin condition that made him itchy
3. He had extreme views and advocated for violence, but was still seen as a martyr and hero

Question 13

Answer 13

Antonio Canova, Pauline Borghese as Venus, 1808, marble

1. Canova was known for being good at depicting human flesh in marble
2. He was trying to imitate, but improve on classical art
3. This was very scandelous because it was a high-class relative of Napoleon appearing topless

Question 14

Answer 14

Peter Paul Rubens, Henry IV Receiving the Portrait of Marie de’ Medici, 1621-1625, oil on canvas

1. This was part of a series of 24 paintings about Marie de’ Medici
2. People like Marie would send portraits of themselves to suitors to see if they wanted to arrange a marriage
3. The fleur-de-lis, or lily flower, is a symbol of France

Question 15

Answer 15

Benjamin West, The Death of General Wolfe, 1770, oil on canvas

1. This painting depicts the Battle of Quebec in the 7 Years War.
2. This painting broke with Neoclassical tradition by putting men in modern clothes, rather than togas and from history paintings traditions by using a more current event
3. Wolfe’s Christ-like pose showed him as a martyr who died for his cause

Question 16

Answer 16

Jean-Honore Fragonard, The Swing, 1767, oil on canvas

1. This is an example of rococo art because it is frivilous and carefree
2. This painting was commissioned by a man who wanted a picture of him and his mistress
3. Gabriel Doyen declined the offer to be the artist, so it was passed on to Fragonard

Question 17

Answer 17

Francesco Borromini, Church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, 1638-1667, Rome

1. The corner sculpture is a personification of the Tiber River
2. This was the first time an architect used an oval dome
3. This was done in the Baroque style which rejects ideas of rationality

Question 18

Answer 18

John Singleton Copley, Watson and the Shark, 1778, oil on canvas

1. This is displayed in the National Gallery in Washington D.C.
2. This depicted an actual event that took place in Havanna harbor
3. Watson survived the attack, but had to walk on a peg leg for the rest of his life

Question 19

Answer 19

Marie-Louise-Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun, Portrait of Marie Antoinette with her Children, 1787, oil on canvas

1. The boy on the right was the heir to the throne
2. The empty cradle indicates that she just lost a child
3. This was a propaganda piece meant to reassure people that the monarchy was strong and good

Question 20

Answer 20

Francisco Goya, Third of May, 1814-1815, oil on canvas

1. This takes place after an uprising in Madrid against Napoleon’s new government
2. Goya’s dark depictions of war were different than other paintings of his time that portrayed it as heroic and patriotic
3. The figure with his outstretched arms is a reference to crucifiction

Question 21

Answer 21

Theodore Gericault, The Raft of the “Medusa”, 1818-1819, oil on canvas

1. This record the 1816 shipwreck of the “Medusa” in which there were not enough lifeboats for everyone
2. By day 13, the number of survivors had shrunk from 150 to 15
3. Gericault brought the dead back to his studio so he could observe an sketch the decay process

Question 22

Answer 22

Gianlorenzo Bernini, St. Teresa of Avila in Ecstasty, 1645-1652, marble

1. St. Teresa was forced into a convent against her will, but ended up liking it and staying
2. She had many religious visions that had a strong physical component
3. Eroticism in sculptures of saints was not that uncommon at the time, and St. Teresa describes the angel plunging the flaming arrow into her heart as a combination of extreme pain and pleasure

Question 23

Answer 23

Angelica Kauffmann, Cornelia Pointing to her Children as her Treasures, c. 1785, oil on canvas

1. Cornelia is pictured with a Greek profile, evidenced by her straight nose
2. The moral of the painting is that good mothers value their children above all
3. Kauffmann was based in London as part of the Academy

Question 24

Answer 24

Gianlorenzo Bernini, Bronze Canopy of St. Peter’s Basilica, 1624-1633, gilded bronze

1. It’s built over St. Peter’s grave
2. It’s about 100 feet high
3. The cork-screw columns are from both old St. Peter’s basilica and from the Jewish temple of Soloman