Quiz 3

Question 1

What is biomechanics?

Answer 1

The study of the application of mechanical forces to a living organism.

Question 2

Define torque.

Answer 2

The rotational equivalent of force, measuring the tendency of a force to cause an object to rotate around an axis.

Question 3

What is the moment arm?

Answer 3

The perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the line of action of the force.

Question 4

How is torque calculated?

Answer 4

Torque (T) = Force (F) x Moment Arm (r).

Question 5

What is the first step in torque identification?

Answer 5

Identify where resistance is.

Question 6

What does the blue line represent in the context of knee mechanics?

Answer 6

Moment arm of resistant force for the knee.

Question 7

What does the red line indicate in the context of hip mechanics?

Answer 7

Resistant force for the hip.

Question 8

What is linear motion?

Answer 8

Motion in a straight line.

Question 9

Give an example of linear motion.

Answer 9

Sprinting in a straight line.

Question 10

Define angular motion.

Answer 10

Movement around an axis in a circular path.

Question 11

What is rectilinear motion?

Answer 11

When all points on a body move in a straight line, the same distance, and with no change in direction.

Question 12

What is curvilinear motion?

Answer 12

Occurs when all points on a body move the same distance but follow curved paths.

Question 13

What is the line of pull?

Answer 13

The direction a muscle pulls/exerts force/tensile.

Question 14

What are the three classes of levers?

Answer 14

• 1st class lever: fulcrum in the middle
• 2nd class lever: load in the middle
• 3rd class lever: effort in the middle

Question 15

What is mechanical advantage?

Answer 15

Leverage manipulated by changing the moment arm of the external force.

Question 16

What happens if the moment arm of the resistive force is longer than that of the muscle force?

Answer 16

The muscle is working at a mechanical disadvantage.

Question 17

Define compression in the context of mechanical loads.

Answer 17

Force that pushes or squeezes tissues together.

Question 18

What is an example of tension (tensile) force?

Answer 18

Bicep curl.

Question 19

What is shear force?

Answer 19

Force acting parallel to tissue surface, causing sliding.

Question 20

What is torsion?

Answer 20

Twisting force occurring when opposing rotational forces are applied to opposite ends of a structure.

Question 21

Identify a risk associated with excessive torsion in the spine.

Answer 21

Disc herniation.

Question 22

What is speed?

Answer 22

Time rate at which an object is moving along a path.

Question 23

Define velocity.

Answer 23

Speed and direction.

Question 24

What is acceleration?

Answer 24

Change in speed, direction, or both.

Question 25

What is the active tension in muscles?

Answer 25

Tension generated by the muscle in response to a stimulus due to Actin and Myosin cross bridges.

Question 26

What is passive tension?

Answer 26

Tension created by the stretch of a non-contractile protein, mainly titin.

Question 27

What are the three phases of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC)?

Answer 27

* Eccentric (Tendon Lengthens) * Amortization * Concentric (Elastic Return of the Tendon adds Force to the Concentric Action)

Question 28

What is the mechanical model in plyometrics?

Answer 28

Elasticity of tendon.

Question 29

What are force vectors?

Answer 29

Represent how a force acts on an object in terms of direction, magnitude, and points of application.

Question 30

What is nutrition?

Answer 30

The study of food and how it affects the health and growth of the body.

Question 31

List the fundamentals of nutrition.

Answer 31

* Consume dark vegetables * Low saturated fat intake * High fiber * Whole grains, nuts, and legumes * Water

Question 32

What is a key factor in nutritional intake and disease?