Quiz 3 Flashcards
Measures of RIsk
What is a frequency measure?
lecture 7
characterizes only one part of the distribution to another part of the distribution
consists of: ratios, proportions and rates
Frequency Measures
What is a ratio?
lecture 7
a comparison of any two values
- will always have a fraction
- the numerator and denominator of a ratio can be related or unrelated
ex: you can be comparing apples to oranges
Frequency Measures
What is a proportion?
lecture 7
comparison of a part to the whole
- the numerator is included in the denominator
Frequency Measures
What is a rate?
lecture 7
a measure of the frequency with which an event occurs in a defined population over a specified period of time
- useful for comparing disease frequency in different locations, at different times or among different groups of people with potentially different sized populations
Mortality Requency Measures
What is an infant mortality rate?
lecture 7
number of deaths among children less than one year old
- denominator = number of live births during the same time period
- most commonly used measure for comparing health status among nations
very telling of a how well a country’s population is doing
Rates
Define incidence
lecture 7
occurence of new cases of disease in a population over a specified period of time
Rates
What does incidence describe?
lecture 7
- the probability of developing the disease during a specific period
- describes how quickly a disease occurs in a population
Define prevelance
lecture 7
proportion of persons in a population who have a particular disease or attribute at a specified point in time or over a specificed point in time
- measure used for chronic disease rate
Examples
What is the following fraction an example of:
number of women who have breast cancer in NYS / number of women who have cervical cancer in NYS
lecture 7
ratio
Examples
What is the following ratio an example of:
number of women who have breast cancer in NY / number of women who have any type of cancer in NY
lecture 7
proportion
Examples
What is the following fraction an example of:
number of men who died from lung cancer in NYS in Feb 2025 / number of men living in NYS in Feb 2025
lecture 7
rate
Examples
What is the following fraction an example of:
number of deaths among children less than 1 year of age reported during a given time period x 1,000 / number of live births reported during the same time period
lecture 7
infant mortality rate
Examples
What is the following fraction an example of:
number of women newly diagnosed with heart disease in NYS in 2025 / number of women living in NYS in 2025
lecture 7
incidence
key word: newly
Examples
What is the following an example of:
number of women who have breast cancer in NYS / number of women living in NYS
lecture 7
prevelance
numerator incl. all cases present during given time period NOT JUST NEW
