Quiz 3 Flashcards
self report
common type of measure. subjective measures
observational measures
common type of measure. objective, collected through unbiased, standardized methods
Physiological measure
common type of measure, bodily responses (heart rate etc. )
nominal
scale of measurement. unordered categories
ordinal
scale of measurement. ordered categories (1st, 2nd, 3rd place)
interval scale
scale of measurement. has no true zero
ratio scale
scale of measurement. has an absolute zero
reliability
how consistent are the results?
validity
is a test measuring what it is supposed to be measuring?
test-retest reliability
if you took a test right now and then in a month, would you get the same score?
interrater reliability
2 people observing should end up with the same number/observations
internal reliability
someone should be consistent throughout the test
correlation coefficient
value that determines how strong a correlation is, -1 to 1, -1 and 1 are stronger than anything in between/closer to 0
cronbach’s alpha
a way to measure internal reliability, scale of 0-1, 1 is 100% reliability
construct validity
are we measuring what we are supposed to be measuring? (ex: measuring how much someone loves animals)
face validity
does the measure make plausible sense?
content validity
the extent that a a test or measure fully represents the concept that it is intended to assess (example: testing someone over the whole book, not just the first chapter)
criterion validity
making sure test or method matches up with something that’s alreay know to measure the same thing well (example: math test vs math grades)
convergent validity
establishes construct validity- different tests or wyas of measuring something give the same idea about what we are studying (ex: basketball skills)
divergent validity
determines if test is focused on one thing and not getting confused with other things (ex: measuring JUST creativity)
known-groups paradigm
researchers can compare the scores between two groups whose behavior is known
open-ended questions
fill in the blank
likert scale
1-5; easy-hard
forced-choice format
multiple choice
semantic differential format
like likert scale but more complex answers
leading question
questions that suggest a particular answer
double-barreled question
asking two different things in one question
negatively worded questions
research questions that are phrased in a way that makes it harder for respondents to agree or answer clearly
acquiescence
shortcut, yes-saying to every question
fence sitting
shortcut, picking neutral for everything
observational research
watching what behavior is happening in an environment (hockey parents, conversations during dinner)
observer bias
expectations influence interpretations (man being a graduate student/a criminal)
observer effects
observer changing behavior itself of participants to match observers expectations (Clever Hans Horse)
reactivity
participants acting differently because they are being watched
blend in
dont let participants see you (way to reduce reactivity)
wait it out
let get people get used to you so that they act normal (way to reduce reactivity)
measure behavior results instead of behavior itself
way to reduce reactivity
