Quiz 3 Flashcards
is a combination of machines, people, and processes that for a set of
inputs produces a defined set of outputs
data processing system
A data processing system may involve some combination of:
- conversion
- validation
- sorting
- summarization
- aggregation
- analysis
- reporting
converting data to another form or Language.
conversion
Ensuring that supplied data is “clean, correct and useful.”
validation
“arranging items in some sequence and/or in different sets.”
sorting
reducing detail data to its main points.
summarization
combining multiple pieces of data.
aggregation
the “collection, organization, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data.”
analysis
list detail or summary data or computed information
reporting
refers to the transforming raw data into meaningful output.
data processing
stages of data processing cycle
- input stage
- processing stage
- output stage
- storage stage
input stage
- data collection
- data capture
- encoding
- data transmission
- data communications
processing stage
- performing instructions
- transforming raw data into information
output stage
- decoding
- presenting data to user
storage stage
- storing data
- retrieve data
data processing methods
- manual data processing
- mechanical data processing
- electronic data processing
data is processed manually without using any machine or tool to
get required results; all the calculations and logical operations are performed
manually on the data
manual data processing
data is processed by using different devices like
typewriters, mechanical printers or other mechanical devices; These are faster than the manual mode but still forms
the early stages of data processing
mechanical data processing
is the modern technique to process data; The data is
processed through computer; Data and set of instructions are given to the computer as input and the
computer automatically processes the data according to the given set of instructions.
electronic data processing
types of data processing
- batch processing
- online processing
- real-time processing
- distributed processing
- multi-processing
- time sharing
is a method where the information to be organized is sorted into groups to allow
for efficient and sequential processing
batch processing
utilizes Internet connections and equipment directly attached to a computer.
This allows for the data stored in one place and being used at altogether different place
online processing
has the ability to respond almost immediately to various signals in order to acquire
and process information
real-time processing
commonly utilized by remote workstations connected to one big central workstation
or server; All the end machines run on a fixed
software located at a particular place and make use of exactly same information and sets of instruction.
distributed processing
needs be
performed are sent to different CPUs working parallel within the mainframe.; most widely used types of data processing
multi-processing
used of CPU is the core of this data processing type. The single CPU is used by
multiple users; All users share same CPU but the time allocated to all users might differ
time-sharing
instead of all the computer hardware and software you’re using
sitting on your desktop, or somewhere inside your company’s network, it’s provided for you as a service
by another company and accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way
cloud computing
is term used to explain the sequence of steps or process used to process the raw data and turn it into readable form and generate meaningful information.
data processing cycle
data processing cycle
- collection
- preparation
- input
- processing
- output
- storage
first stage of the cycle; needs to ensure that the data gathered are both defined
and accurate, so that subsequent decisions based on the findings are valid
data collection
consider this as a part of processing but does not involve any processing.; n includes sorting and filtering of data which will finally be used as input; It is the manipulation of data into a form suitable for further analysis and processing.
preparation
This is the feeding of collected data, raw and sieved data for processing; It is the task where verified data is coded or converted into machine readable form so that it can
be processed through an application
input
This is the step where data is processed by electronic data processing, mechanical processing, processing system or other means; data is one who gives information to the user and can
be put to use
processing
The processed data is delivered in the form of information/ results in this step; where processed information is now transmitted and
displayed to the user
output
last stage in the data processing cycle where data, and metadata (information
about data) are held for future use
storage
