Quiz 2

Question 1

______ represents the fundamental building block of the central processing unit of a computer. It is used to perform arithmetic and logic operations.

Answer 1

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Question 2

FPU

Answer 2

Floating Point Unit

Question 3

An ALU is a ______, meaning that its outputs will change asynchronously in response to input changes.

Answer 3

combinational logic circuit

Question 4

In normal operation, stable signals are applied to all of the ALU inputs and, when enough time (known as the “_________”) has passed for the signals to propagate through
the ALU circuitry, the result of the ALU operation appears at the ALU outputs

Answer 4

propagation delay

Question 5

They can be found at the heart of every digital computer and are one of the most
important parts of a CPU (Central Processing Unit).

Answer 5

Arithmetic Logic Unit

Question 6

It is a small amount of storage available as part of a CPU.

Answer 6

Registers

Question 7

These are used to manipulate binary numbers since there are only two possible
states of a switch: open or closed.

Answer 7

transistor switches

Question 8

It provide further information about the status of a result: if it is zero, if there is a carry out, or if an overflow has occurred

Answer 8

flags

Question 9

All information in a computer is stored and manipulated in the form of what?

Answer 9

binary numbers

Question 10

In computing, ______ is the portion of a machine language instructions that specifies the operation to be performed

Answer 10

opcode(operation code), also known as instruction machine code, instruction code, instruction syllable, instruction parcel or opstring

Question 11

a ______ is an idealized or physical electronic device implementing a Boolean function

Answer 11

logic gate

Question 12

the _____ is a component of a computers central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor. It tells the computers memory, arithmetic and logic unit and input and output devices how to respond to the instructions that have been sent to the processor

Answer 12

CU (Control Unit)

Question 13

_________ included the control unit as part of the von Neumann architecture

Answer 13

John von Neumann

Question 14

Types of control unit

Answer 14

1. multicycle control unit
2. pipelined control units
3. out of order control units
4. translating control units
5. control units for low-powered computers
6. hardwired control unit
7. microprogram control unit

Question 15

typically use both the rising and falling edges of their square-wave timing
clock. They operate a step of their operation on each edge of the timing clock, so that a four step operation completes in two clock cycles.

Answer 15

multicycle control unit

Question 16

instructions flow through the computer

Answer 16

pipelined control units

Question 17

When a program makes a decision, and switches to a different sequence of instructions, the
pipeline sometimes must discard the data in process and restart. This is called a _____

Answer 17

stall

Question 18

When two
instructions could interfere, sometimes the control unit must stop processing a later instruction until an
earlier instruction completes. This is called a ________ because a part of the pipeline is not
processing instructions

Answer 18

pipeline bubble

Question 19

A control unit can be designed to finish what it can. If several instructions can be completed at
the same time, the control unit will arrange it. So, the fastest computers can process instructions in a
sequence that can vary somewhat, depending on when the operands or instruction destinations become
available.

Answer 19

out of order control units

Question 20

When the execution of calculations is the slowest, instructions flow from memory into pieces of
electronics called ______

Answer 20

issue units

Question 21

Some computers translate each single instruction into a sequence of simpler instructions. The
advantage is that an out of order computer can be simpler in the bulk of its logic, while handling complex
multi-step instructions

Answer 21

translating control units

Question 22

Many modern computers have controls that minimize power usage

Answer 22

control units for low powered computers

Question 23

Most computers also have a ____ instruction. This was invented to stop non-interrupt code so
that interrupt code has reliable timing

Answer 23

halt

Question 24

________ are implemented through use of combinational logic units, featuring a
finite number of gates that can generate specific results based on the instructions that were used to
invoke those responses. These are generally faster than the microprogrammed designs.

Answer 24

hardwired control units

Question 25

organized as a sequence of microinstructions and stored in special control memory. subsequent instruction words are fetched into the instruction register in a normal way

Answer 25

microprogram control units

Question 26

refers to a computational process that continually fetches instructions from a memory store, decodes them into operations and executes them to perform a calculation

Answer 26

fetch-decode-execute cycle

Question 27

contributed a new understanding of how practical fast computers should be organized and built; these ideas, often referred to as the stored program technique, became fundamental for future generations of high-speed digital computers and were universally adopted.

Answer 27

John von Neumann

Question 28

a co-processor to accelerate CPUs for general-purpose scientific and engineering computing. accelerates applications running on the CPU by offloading some of the compute-intensive and time consuming portions of the code.

Answer 28

Graphics Processing Unit

Question 29

a temporary storage area built into a CPU. basically a storage space for units of memory that are used to transfer data for immediate use by the CPU (Central Processing Unit) for data processing

Answer 29

register

Question 30

The registers fetch data instructions that are keyed in by the user and locate the potentially stored data from the system.

Answer 30

fetching

Question 31

This ability is used for interpreting the set of instructions means and process them according to desired results by the user. This function is a very crucial one because some information has to be fully processed to achieve a desired goal or results.

Answer 31

decoding

Question 32

Many computer related tasks are processed by the registers, stored into the computer memory, and given out as per the commands keyed in by the user. Information is processed according to the needs of the user

Answer 32

execution

Question 33

types of registers

Answer 33

1. memory address register (MAR) 2. memory buffer register (MBR) 3. I/O address register (I/O AR) 4. I/O Buffer Register (I/O BR) 5. program counter (PC) 6. Instruction Register (IR) 7. Accumulator Register 8. Stack Control Register 9. Flag Register 10. Memory Data Register (MDR)

Question 34

This register holds the address of memory where CPU wants to read or write data

Answer 34

Memory address register (MAR)

Question 35

This register holds the contents of data or instruction read from, or written in memory. In other words you can say that this register is used to store data/instruction coming from the memory or going to the memory

Answer 35

memory buffer register (MBR)

Question 36

is used to specify the address of a particular I/O device

Answer 36

I/O Address register

Question 37

is used for exchanging data between the I/O module and the processor

Answer 37

I/O Buffer register

Question 38

This register is used to store the address of the next instruction to be fetched for execution.

Answer 38

Program Counter

Question 39

Program Counter register is also known as

Answer 39

Instruction point register

Question 40

In computing, a ____ is a specific set of ordered operations for a computer to perform

Answer 40

program

Question 41

An _____ is an order given to a computer processor by a program

Answer 41

instruction

Question 42

Within a computer, an _____ is a specific location in memory or storage

Answer 42

address

Question 43

Once an instruction is fetched from main memory, it is stored in here. The control unit takes instruction from this register, decodes and executes it by sending signals to the appropriate component of computer to carry out the task.

Answer 43

Instruction register (IR)

Question 44

is located inside the ALU, It is used during arithmetic & logical operations of ALU

Answer 44

Accumulator Register

Question 45

represents a set of memory blocks; the data is stored in and retrieved from these blocks in an order, i.e. First In and Last Out (FILO)

Answer 45

Stack control register

Question 46

is used to indicate occurrence of a certain condition during an operation of the CPU. It is a special purpose register with size one byte or two bytes

Answer 46

flag register

Question 47

is used to store the data that will be stored or will be fetched from the computer memory I.e. Random access Memory (RAM).

Answer 47

Memory Data Register

Question 48

is a type of processor register in the central processing unit (CPU) that is widely used for altering the address of operand at the time of program execution

Answer 48

indexed registers