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Community Corrections > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Collateral Consequence

A

legal and regulatory restrictions that
prohibit people convicted of crimes from accessing employment, business
and occupational licensing, housing, voting, education, and other rights,
benefits, and opportunities

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2
Q

How rights are lost

A

Civil rights can be lost through judicial discretion, licensing agencies, or statute; vary by state

Examples
- voting
- owning gun
- parental rights

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3
Q

Adverse Childhood Experiences(ACE)

A

Childhood experiences of abuse,neglect and family dysfuntion and how it impacts their development

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4
Q

How much of U.S population has at least one ACE?

A

64%

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5
Q

Prison population with at least one ACE

A

98%

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6
Q

What happens when youth are referred to Juvenile Services?

A
  • Taken to local justice center and are questioned and fingerprinted
  • If necessary youth may be detained for 2 days before seeing judge
  • If accused of violent felony and not detained, they will be put on electronic monitoring
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7
Q

Juvenile Crime and Response in MD

A

Maryland moved away from an emphasis on
punishment and incarceration to a
mix of treatment when it comes to the juvenile
justice system.

Alternatives included:
-Community conferencing
-The state screened for mental health needs and
diverted youth

-Department of Social Services is more involved

-Use of community detention with electronic or
GPS monitoring.

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8
Q

Juveniles/Youth on Probation

A

Youth Probation w/o electronic monitoring is the most common outcome
in cases referred to the juvenile courts

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9
Q

Most common probation cause

A

About ½ of youth are on probation for a status offense

Approx. 9% of juveniles are on probation for serious violent crime

Approx. 21% of juveniles are on probation for serious property crime

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10
Q

Status Offense

A

An offense that would not be illegal if committed by an adult

Ex: Truancy, Underage Drinking, Running Away from home

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11
Q

Age and Length of Demographics

A

80% are between 14-17

  • Some states place children as young as 10 on probation (MD is one)

*Youth can remain on probation until age 21(most states)

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12
Q

Demographics

A
  • Black and Brown youth
    are disproportionately
    represented in the
    juvenile system.
  • About 2/3 of all youth
    on probation are
    people of color
  • Black youth are placed
    on probation 3x more
    often than their white peers
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13
Q

Juvenile Probation Conditions

A

Probation often includes a combination of placement in a treatment center or a secure probation facility and/or community-based probation that keeps the youth in their home,
checking in with their probation officer

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14
Q

Juvenile Probation Conditions Examples

A
  • Pay restitution and/or do community service
  • mandatory participation in meetings and treatment activities
  • requirements to attend school
  • obey parents and submit to random searches
  • wear an electronic monitoring device
  • prohibitions against associating with others who are on probation
  • ALL conditions are rooted in a surveillance-compliance model of probation AND has not proven effective in limiting rearrest rates or promoting positive behavior change
  • Research has shown that processing youth through the juvenile justice system can increase
    a youth’s chance of acting out again, creating a cycle of delinquency and court involvement.
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15
Q

Juvenile Probation Conditions (Pt. 2)

A
  • All conditions are rooted in surveillance compliance model of probation; has not been proven effected in limiting arrest/behavior
  • Processing youth through juvie can increase chance of acting out again; creates cycle
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16
Q

Violation of Youth Probation Orders

A
  • 14% of all youth confined in residential custody by delinquency courts were charged with a technical violation of their probation, not breaking the law
  • The juvenile court does encourage deferred
    prosecution/diversion programs before incarcerating
    youth
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17
Q

A more effective Juvenile Probation System

A

Offering support — not surveillance: brain
not fully mature until age 25 risky behaviors commonplace in teens; Most youth grow out of delinquency
* Adopting a less is more approach for low-risk
youth

  • Nurturing maturity. Programs that boost psychosocial
    maturation through positive youth development opportu
    nities and counseling
  • Incentivizing positive behavior — not punishing
    misbehavior
18
Q

Female Pathways to Crime

A
  • Childhood victimization
  • Drugs cope w/ pain of abuse as well as other stressors
  • Poverty or economic motivation often contributes to both women’s involvement
    in the drug trade or prostitution (sex for drugs)
  • poor economic
    conditions they face and the desire for monetary and material possessions
19
Q

Incarcerated Women v. Men

A
  • Women under correctional supervision are more likely to have experienced
    physical and sexual abuse
  • Women inmates suffer a great deal more from mental illness than male
    inmates
  • Both use drugs for different reasons
  • Correction system designed for men
20
Q

Offending Patterns of Women

A
  • Women are convicted primarily of
    property and drug offenses
  • The majority of violent offenses are
    in the simple assault category
  • less likely to have been
    convicted of a violent crime and are less likely to use a gun or other weapon in the commission of a
    crime
  • lower
    risk of institutional misconducts and
    reoffending in the community than
    male offenders
21
Q

Women and their Children

A
  • 2/3 of incarcerated women have at least 1 child
  • 75% of women are primary caretakers of children, and
    women are 3x more likely than men to head a single parent
    household.
  • Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA)
22
Q

Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA)-

A

requires termination of
parental rights when a child has been in foster care for 15 or more of
the past 22 months

  • Average prison terms for women are 18 to 20 month
  • Only 28% of children of female offenders live with their childs other parent
  • 35-40% of children of female offenders go into foster care
23
Q

Reentry for Women

A

Women offenders leaving prison must:

  • Confront problems that were left behind
  • Stay clean and sober
  • Return to a primary caretaker role for their children
  • Earn a livable wage
  • Obtain reliable child-care and transportation
  • Find safe and sober housing for themselves and their children
  • Put their treatment needs firs
24
Q

Reentry and Transition Issues

A
  • Criminogenic Needs (addressing conditions likely to causecriminal behavior) are different
  • Trauma/Victimization
  • Drug treatment
  • Parenting/Custody issues
  • Risk assessment instruments are usually designed for
    males who commit crimes may not be as valid for
    women
  • Maryland maintains 9 prerelease facilities but NONE for Women.
  • Argument against a prerelease center for women= $13,000 more per
    woman than men.
25
Q

Pre-release centers

A
  • 1 in 10 women qualify for prerelease
  • Prerelease programs provide women within 18 months of release with crucial opportunities to
    resume working, reconnect with family, and reestablish access to medical and mental health
    services
26
Q

Pre-release centers

A

lowest possible security level, assigned to individuals with
good behavior and who present the least risk of violence or escape.

  • April 2022, Maryland committed $2 million to a women’s prerelease center BUT Nothing
    else has happened yet.
27
Q

ACE

A

Adverse CHildhood Experiences

28
Q

How many ACE’s could result in system involvement

A

Contribute to the criminal legal system by
approx. 50-60% of offenders

29
Q

Tpes of ACE’s

A
  • abuse (physical emotional sexual)

-neglect (physical and emotion)

  • household dysfunction

(mental illness, battered mother,divorce, incarcerated relative drugs)

30
Q

Ripple effect of ACE and juvenile jsutice system

A
  • negative impact on development/behaviors
  • retraumatization
  • multiple contact w/ juvenile justice system
  • entry in system
31
Q

ACE General pop v. incarcerated pop in Men

A

emotional abuse: 35% v. 63%

physical: 19% v. 60%

sexual: 7% v. 49%

emotional neglect : 13% v. 51%

32
Q

ACE General pop v. incarcerated pop in Women

A

emotional abuse: 34% v. 59%
physical: 18% v. 54%
sexual: 17% v. 52%
emotional neglect: 13% v. 24%

33
Q

Strategies to affect the needs of children and families

A
  • parenting training programs
  • high quality childcare programs
  • social support for parents
  • financial support for families
  • DV prevention programs
34
Q

max out

A

sentenced served

35
Q

Jobs allowed and not allowed

A

allow:

  • CDL
  • bartender
  • pilot

not allowed:
- architect
- weed dispensary
- medicine
- psychology

36
Q

ban the box

A
37
Q

Discretionary release-

A

Parole

38
Q

Mandatory Supervision –

A

When good conduct credit subtracted meet
with the amount of time you serve

39
Q

How successful is parole

A

Within 3 years approx. 54% of parolees nationwide have
recidivated

40
Q

Why do people fail on parole?

A
  • The very nature of the prison experience… the psychological and
    economic problems that lead to recidivism are rarely addressed
41
Q

DCREP

A

DIstrict Court Reentry Program

42
Q

DCREP Purpose

A

Help

Community Corrections (3 decks)

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