Quiz #1 Flashcards
community corrections
is a system
imposed by the court on individuals who
have committed a crime in which they serve
all or part of their sentence/sanction through
community-based placements and programs
as an alternative to incarceration
Front End of Corrections
- Probation
- Shock incarceration/boot camp
- Specialty Court (Drug Court, Jobs Court etc.)
- Community Residential Treatment
- Electronic Monitoring/House Arrest
Back End Corrections
Parole
* Intensive Supervision Probation
* Specialty Court (Drug Court, Jobs Court etc.)
* Community Residential Treatment
* Electronic Monitoring
3
post-adjudication
he defendant has
either pleaded guilty or been found guilty by a judge or jury
Most common form of community corrections
Probation
Non-Violent Crime
*Most property crimes
* white- collar crime
*Various drug and alcohol-related
crimes
*Prostitution
*Racketeering and gambling
*Bribery
*Numerous traffic offenses
Violent Crime- A.K.A “Crimes
against a person”
*Assault and battery
*Homicides (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th
degree)
*Domestic violence/Intimate
Partner Violence
*Robbery
*Sexual assault and abuse
*False imprisonment
Community corrections
is a system
imposed by the court on individuals who
have committed a crime in which they serve
all or part of their sentence/sanction through
community-based placements and programs
as an alternative to incarceration
Front End Corrections
Probation
* Shock incarceration/boot camp
* Specialty Court (Drug Court, Jobs Court etc.)
* Community Residential Treatment
* Electronic Monitoring/House Arrest
Back End Corrections
- Parole
- Intensive Supervision Probation
- Specialty Court (Drug Court, Jobs Court etc.)
- Community Residential Treatment
- Electronic Monitoring
3
post-adjudication-
the defendant has
either pleaded guilty or been found guilty by a judge or jury
most common form of community supervision
probation
Non-Violent Crime
*Most property crimes
- white-collar crime
*Various drug and alcohol-related crimes
*Prostitution
*Racketeering and gambling
*Bribery
*Numerous types of traffic
offenses
Violent Crime(A.K.A “Crimes
against a person”)-
*Assault and battery
*Homicides (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th
degree)
*Domestic violence/Intimate
Partner Violence
*Robbery
*Sexual assault and abuse
*False imprisonment
Front end Offers
Offer offenders an opportunity to either stay in the “free” community
Back End Offers
reenter society after a portion of incarceration
Religious based:
Criminals who claimed sanctuary are protected until they confess
If confessed offered abjuration
Abjuration-
The offender would
promise to leave with an explicit understanding they couldn’t return
unless invited back by the Crown
Secular based:
{self-selected banishment} Various
regions set aside as form of neutral ground, safe havens
from criminal prosecution
Benefit of Clergy
- Exempts clergy members accused of crimes
-
judicial reprieve
judge leniency
recognizance
humanize criminal law and mitigate its harshness
Binding over
the use of a bond or obligation entered by the
defendant who is bound to refrain from doing something
for a stipulated period and to appear in court for a final
disposition of the case
John Augustus
recognized as the father of modern
probation.
Sir Walter Crofton
directed the prison system of
Ireland believed that jail and prison conditions were
barbaric and without reform might contribute to
more offending, not less
Mark system-
“marks” could be earned each day for successful work and behavior
Ticket of Leave
- a permit given to a convicted
offender in exchange for a certain timeframe of
good conduct
Benevolent Supervisor Theory
Comes from a place of good
intentions, and parole and probation officers would be “likely to
befriend” who they supervised as a helpful influence to reclaim
offenders from their evil ways and restore them to proper condu
Privilege Theory
Defendants/those convicted have NO
right to be sentenced to community
supervision and is an undeserved act
of mercy by the court or by the parole
board/commission
Contract Theory
In exchange for the privilege of being diverted to community supervision or
released early from incarceration, justice
involved should enter into a contract under
which they agree to abide by certain rules
- derivative of privilege theory
Casework model 1900-1970-
Oriented toward providing therapeutic services to probationers and
parolees to assist them with living in the community productively. Much language during this time
geared toward treatment and diagnosis
- Brokerage model 1971-
1981 Casework model began to break down and it began to believed that many
services needed could be more readily and effectively provided by specialized community agencies that
handle: mental health, housing, employment, education and private welfare/economic assistance
- Probation is a privilege not a right!
- 1974 Martinson Report with few and isolated exceptions, the rehabilitative efforts that have been reported so far
have had no real effect on recidivism
- Justice model 1982-2000
an escalated system of sanctions corresponding to the social harm resulting
from an offense or violation of rules
- Neighborhood Supervision model 2001-present-
officers supervise their caseload according to zip code, and can be more visible on the street, making home/employment visits instead of just sitting in an office
- Criminogenic Need-Based Supervision- 2012-present
has mostly replaced the justice model requires
officers to return to establishing a meaningful and professional relationship in a blended role of being
therapeutic change agents and enforcers of rules/conditions
Technical Violation
If you are found guilty of violating probation for conditions of
your probation, you may receive up to your maximum
previously suspended sentence. This will be at the discretion of
the judge.
