Quiz 3 Flashcards
What are the main components of the cardiovascular system?
The main components include heart anatomy (atria, ventricles, valves) and its conduction system (SA node, AV node, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers).
What are the two circulatory pathways?
The two circulatory pathways are systemic and pulmonary circulation, which involve oxygenation and the roles of arteries, veins, and capillaries.
What phases are involved in the cardiac cycle?
The phases of the cardiac cycle include systole and diastole, along with stroke volume and cardiac output.
What factors affect blood pressure regulation?
Factors affecting blood pressure include volume, resistance, baroreceptors, hormones (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system), and autonomic control.
What is the structure of the nephron in the renal system?
The nephron includes the glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, proximal/distal tubules, loop of Henle, and collecting duct.
What processes are involved in renal filtration and reabsorption?
The processes include glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and secretion.
How do kidneys regulate fluid and electrolyte balance?
Kidneys regulate electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium) and water balance.
What hormones influence renal function?
Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) influence fluid retention and electrolyte balance.
What are the therapeutic actions of diuretics?
Diuretics promote renal excretion of sodium and water, reducing blood pressure and fluid overload.
How do beta blockers affect the cardiovascular system?
Beta blockers decrease heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand, reducing hypertension and angina.
What is the role of ACE inhibitors and ARBs?
ACE inhibitors and ARBs inhibit vasoconstriction and fluid retention, aiding in hypertension and heart failure management.
What is the function of anticoagulants?
Anticoagulants prevent clot formation by affecting clotting factors, important in conditions like DVT or atrial fibrillation.
What side effect can diuretics cause?
Diuretics may cause electrolyte imbalances such as hypokalemia or hyperkalemia, leading to muscle weakness or cardiac arrhythmias.
What is a potential adverse reaction of beta blockers?
Beta blockers may lead to hypotension, lowering blood pressure excessively.
How can ACE inhibitors impact renal function?
ACE inhibitors can affect renal function, necessitating monitoring of kidney markers (creatinine, BUN).
What risk is associated with anticoagulants?
Anticoagulants increase the risk of bleeding, necessitating careful monitoring.
What is the first step in the nursing process related to cardiovascular and renal medications?
The first step is assessment, which includes assessing vitals (BP, HR) and baseline kidney function (BUN, creatinine).
What are common medications for GI system conditions?
Common medications include antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), antiemetics, laxatives/stool softeners, and antidiarrheals.
What therapeutic action do antacids have?
Antacids neutralize stomach acid, providing relief in acid-related disorders.
What is the function of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
PPIs block acid secretion, beneficial for GERD or peptic ulcer disease.
What side effect can result from overuse of laxatives?
Overuse of laxatives can lead to diarrhea and fluid/electrolyte imbalances.
What is a potential side effect of long-term PPI use?
Long-term use of PPIs may reduce calcium absorption, increasing the risk of bone fractures.
What is the first step in the nursing process related to GI medications?
The first step is assessment, which includes assessing GI symptoms, history of GI disorders, and patient hydration status.
What are the rights of medication administration?
The rights include right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time, and right documentation.
