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GEOG 245 > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

On avg, Americans move…

A

-Once every 6 years
-in 2022, 820K left Cali and 550K left NY

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2
Q

Out-migration rate?

A

Out-migrations/total pop X 1000

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3
Q

In-migration rate?

A

In-migrations/total pop X 1000

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4
Q

Net migration rate?

A

I - O / total pop X 1000

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5
Q

Gross migration rate?

A

I + O /total pop X 1000

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6
Q

What’s the most common form of internal migration?

A

Intramural migration/ residential mobility (move addresses but stay in same area)

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7
Q

Macro approach to regional migration?

A

Focused on structural factors like employment, cost of living, climate

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8
Q

Micro approach to regional migration?

A

Focused on individual decision making including perceptions of places, psychological factors, aging

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9
Q

Macro explanations of migration:

A

-income (seek best wages)
-employment opportunities
-urbanization (more attractive, although US pattern has reversed somewhat)
-education
-amenities

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10
Q

Micro explanations of migration:

A

-Human Capital model (migration is an investment in self)

-family migration theory (marriage discourages migration, jobs in couples)

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11
Q

What trend have we been seeing the U.S. as far as moving goes?

A

People are not moving not moving nearly as much (only 9.8% in 2019)

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12
Q

Why is internal migration on the decline?

A

-pop growth in least mobile groups (elderly, homeowners)
-rise in dual career couples
-rise in divorce rates
-de unionization
-labor market convergence (WFH)
-Great Recession

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13
Q

What’s the gravity model?

A

Predicts gross migration between places

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14
Q

With moderate carbon emissions, by 2070, niche zones (best habits for humans) will move…

A

North (and even in extreme scenarios, move further north)

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15
Q

What trends are we seeing with where people move in the U.S. in relation to climate change?

A

People are moving in large numbers to the South, which is where climate change is going to wreak the most havoc.

Could erase 8% of economic output

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16
Q

In 2022, about how many homes were impacted by a climate disaster?

A

1/10

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17
Q

What kind of disasters are we going to see and where?

A

-flooding: mostly in eastern cities, but Seattle and Portland make the list too

-fire: Southwest shrub lands

-drought: west

-heat: south Florida, south Texas, Arizona

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18
Q

Number one killer for climate disaster…

A

Cold weather

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19
Q

Phoenix AZ, what’s the deal with their dangers?

A

-one of the fastest growing places in the country
-super risky place because it’s going to keep getting hotter, more days over 95 degrees (possibly over half the year)

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20
Q

What is “wet bulb”

A

Combo of extreme heat and extreme humidity where the body can no longer cool itself

21
Q

What are some reasons why “the mobile group in America” isn’t moving

A

Millennials are moving less frequently because they’ve have to bear the brunt of higher housing costs, unemployment, and an unaffordable rental market.

22
Q

The Great Migration, 1916-1930, saw migration of blacks to which parts of the country?

A

Northeast, Midwest, and western cities

23
Q

The second great migration, 1940-1970, saw movement to where?

A

Same as before except further NW and then back to the south

24
Q

What key point does Isabel Wilkerson make in her TED talk?

A

The Great Migration wasn’t a move, it was citizens of the U.S. seeking political asylum in their own country to escape Jim Crow

25
Q

In contrast to largely rural settlements at the beginning of the Great Migration, in 1970, 1 in 4 black people lived in…

A

NYC, Chicago, Philly, LA, and Detroit

26
Q

What was the Home Owner’s Loan Corporation?

A

HOLC was a gov-sponsored corp created as part of the New Deal; graded neighborhoods as “Best, Still Desirable, Definitely declining, Hazardous”

Redlining technique

27
Q

What is a restrictive covenant?

A

Binding provisions in land or home deeds that prohibit the sale of the property to people of certain races

Enforceable in court until 1948

28
Q

What are 3 explanations for persistent racial residential segregation?

A
  1. Differences in economic status (economic class)
  2. Prejudice
  3. Housing market discrimination
29
Q

What does the Schelling’s spatial segregation model implicate? What is the tipping phenomenon?

A

-Micromotives DO NOT equal Macrobehavior (tolerance can still lead to segregated spaces)

-agent based model

-Exodus tip: one person leaves, causing another person to leave

-Genesis tip: someone moves in, causes another person to leave

30
Q

What does the Index of Dissimilarity measure?

A

The extent to which the ethnic composition of each sub area reflects the aggregate ethnic composition of a city or metro area

-values from 0-100, the larger the DI, the greater the amount of segregation

31
Q

What does the Exposure Index measure?

A

The probability that a member of a specific subgroup comes into contact with a member of another specific sub group, and any random exposure to a member of the general population of his or her own sub area of the residence


32
Q

10 most segregated urban areas with pop over 500K (2010)

A
  1. LA
  2. Philly
  3. Cincinnati
  4. St Louis
  5. Buffalo
  6. Cleveland
  7. Detroit
  8. Chicago
  9. NYC
  10. Milwaukee
33
Q

What is the diversity index?

A

A measure of the probability that 2 people chosen at random will be from different race and ethnicity groups

0-1, 0 meaning everyone is the same and 1 meaning everyone is different

34
Q

True or False: Hispanics now outnumber blacks and represent the largest minority group in major American cities

A

True

35
Q

True or False: historically sharp racial and ethnic divides between cities and suburbs in metro America are more blurred than ever

A

True

36
Q

True or False: less than half of America’s cities are now majority non-white

A

False

37
Q

What is the city-suburb dissimilarity index?

A

Measures the dissimilarity between a minority group’s city-suburb distribution and the majority (white) population’s city-suburb distribution

38
Q

A city-suburb dissimilarity index value of 0 means…

A

The minority group is distributed between the central city and suburbs exactly the same as whites

39
Q

A city-suburb dissimilarity index of 100 means…

A

All members of the minority group reside in the central city and all whites reside in the suburbs

40
Q

What does a negative value in the CSCI mean

A

Minority group is disproportionately concentrated in the burbs

41
Q

What is the residential income segregation index?

A

It adds the share of low income residents of that area who live in a majority low income census track to the share of upper income residents in that area who live in a majority upper income census track

42
Q

Top 3 metros who had the largest growth in RISI from 1980-2010

A
  1. Houston
  2. Dallas
  3. New York
43
Q

What is the most economically segregated city in America?

A

Houston (RISI of 61)

44
Q

True or False: for the first time in modern American history, most white people live in mixed race neighborhoods

A

True

45
Q

According to the 2020 census, what percentage of white people lived in predominantly white neighborhoods?

A

44%, down from 78% in 1990

46
Q

How many neighborhoods became classified as mixed in 2020?

A

9700

47
Q

What is the Gini Index/coefficient?

A

-summary of measure of income

-ranges from 0-1, where 0 means perfect equality and 1 means perfect inequality

-based on the difference between the Lorenz curve (the observed cumulative income distribution) and the notion of a perfectly equal income distribution

48
Q

True or false: in 2016, the top 20% of Seattle households took home 53% of the total income earned by city residents

A

True

49
Q

Mobility behavior plays an important role in…

A

Experienced income segregation of individuals

GEOG 245 (3 decks)

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