Quiz 3 Flashcards
4 types of positive reinforcement
1) Primary reinforcers
2) Social reinforcers
3) Conditioned generalized reinforcers
4) Feedback
4 types of reinforcement schedule
1) Continuous
2) Intermittent
3) Fixed ratio/interval
4) Variable ratio/interval
Positive reinforcement should be ____
natural and rewarding
Goal of positive reinforcement/rationale
A consequence to increase the frequency of the behavior
Primary reinforcers
A biological or physical response.
Food, candy, or drink is provided as a reinforcer.
Typically used with a severely impaired client.
Things to remember with primary reinforcers
- Should never be used alone, incorporate social reinforcer.
- Ask about any food allergies.
- Make sure the client does not receive the reinforcer food/drink at home, so it is more rewarding in session.
- Remember choking hazards and size.
A 4 yr old is getting Swedish fish as a reinforcer, what do you do?
Break up the Swedish fish into smaller pieces so the client does not get immediately full and it does not take them too long to eat it.
Social reinforcers
the most natural of positive reinforcers
Social reinforcers can be ____ or ____
Verbal or non-verbal
Problems with non-verbal social reinforcers
Can be ambiguous and the client could not like physical touch.
Best solution to problem of ambiguity for non-verbal social reinforcers
Pair it with verbal reinforcement
Conditioned generalized réponses
A token system.
Can be done with stickers, marbles, etc.
They are getting something because they are doing a desired behavior.
Factors to remember about conditioned generalized responses
- Find out what’s rewarding to the client.
- Have them pick what their reward will be.
- Do not make it unachievable (like saying they need to get 15 tokens when they can only realistically get 10).
- Rewards don’t have to be materialistic.
Feedback
Given in the consequential.
Should be continuous. Clinician needs to tell client what they did right or wrong.
Feedback is best for a ____ client
Adult
Feedback factors
- Is good for adults, since it explains why we are working on something, how they can fix it, etc.
- Should be given in a social and conversational manner.
- Should be as natural as possible.
- Ongoing.
- Could be positive or negative.
Continuous
1;1, means for every attempt the client makes, we respond to it.
Continuous factors
- Doesn’t matter if it’s positive or negative words.
- Necessary for early therapy or a really difficult goal later in therapy.
Intermittent
Reinforcement given at random times with no rhyme or reason.
Intermittent factors
- Some behaviors are reinforced and others aren’t.
- This comes after the client has been in therapy for awhile.
- Could strengthen a goal since reinforcement is more rewarding when inconsistent.
- Used in conversational goals.
Fixed ratio/interval
Ratio is the number of responses and intervals is time.
