Quiz 3

Question 1

Essential features: cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance-related problems.

Answer 1

Substance Use Disorder

Question 2

An underlying change in brain circuits that may persist beyond detoxification, particularly in individuals with severe disorders. Behavioral effects of these brain changes may be exhibited in repeated relapses and intense drug craving when the individuals are exposed to drug related stimuli

Answer 2

Substance Use disorder

Question 3

Occur in a broad range of severity, from mild to severe, with severity based on the number of symptom criteria endorsed.

Answer 3

Substance USE disorder

Question 4

Individual may take larger amounts over a longer period than was originally intended. Individual may express a persistent desire to cut down or regulate substance use and may report multiple unsuccessful efforts to decrease or discontinue use. Individual may spend a great deal of time obtaining the substance, using it, or recovering from its effects. In some cases of more severe use, virtually all of the individual’s daily activities revolve around the substance.

Answer 4

Substance Use Disorder

Question 5

Recurrent substance use may result in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school or home. Individual may continue substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance. Important social, occupational, or recreational activities may be given up or reduced because of substance use.

Answer 5

Substance use disorder

Question 6

Recurrent substance use in situations where it is physically hazardous. Individual may continue substance use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance

Answer 6

Substance Use Disorders

Question 7

Potentially severe, usually temporary, but sometimes persisting central nervous system syndromes that develop in the context of the effects of substances of abuse, medications, or several toxins

Answer 7

Substance-Induced Disorders

Question 8

Cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms contribute to the continued use of a substance despite significant substance-related problems

Answer 8

Substance-Induced Disorder

Question 9

Common Features: Disorder represents a clinically significant symptomatic presentation of a relevant mental disorder.
B) There is evidence from the history, physical exam, or lab findings of BOTH of the following:
1) The disorder developed during or within 1 month of a substance intoxication or withdrawal or taking a medication; and
2) The involved substance/medication is capable of producing the mental disorder
C) The disorder is not better explained by an independent mental disorder. such evidence of an independent mental disorder could include the following:
1) The disorder preceded the onset of severe intoxication or withdrawal or exposure to the medication
2) The full mental disorder persisted for a substantial periods of time (at least 1 month) after the cessation of acute withdrawal or severe intoxication or taking the medication.
D)The disorder does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium
E) The disorder causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Answer 9

Substance-Induced Disorders

Question 10

A) Recent consumption of this (typically way more than 250mg).
B) 5 or more of the following signs or symptoms developing during, or shortly after use:
1) restlessness
2) nervousness
3) excitement
4) insomnia
5) Flushed face
6) Diuresis
7) Gastrointestinal disturbance
8) muscle twitching
9) rambling flow of thought and speech
10) Tachycardia or cardiac arrhythmia
11) Periods of inexhaustibility
12) Psychomotor agitation
C) The signs or symptoms of criterion B cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupation, or other important areas of functioning.
D) The signs or symptoms are not attributable to another medical condition and are not better explained by another mental disorder, including intoxication with another substance.

Answer 10

Caffeine Intoxication

Question 11

Essential feature: recent consumption and 5 or more signs or symptoms that develop shortly after consumption.

Answer 11

Caffeine Intoxications

Question 12

A) Recent use of substance
B) Clinically significant problematic behavior or psychological changes (impaired motor coordination, euphoria, anxiety, sensation of slowed time, impaired judgment) that develop during, or shortly after use.
C) 2 or more of the following developing withing 2 hours of use:
1) Conjunctival injection
2) Increased appetite
3) Dry mouth
4) tachycardia
D) The signs or symptoms are not attributable to another medical condition and are not better explained by another mental disorder, including intoxication with another substance.

Answer 12

Cannabis Intoxication

Question 13

Symptoms include: euphoria with inappropriate laughter and grandiosity, sedation, lethargy, impairment in short-term memory, difficulty carrying out complex mental processes, impaired judgment, distorted sensory perceptions, impaired motor performance, and the sensation that time is passing slowly

Answer 13

Cannabis intoxication

Question 14

A) Recent use of this substance or similar substance
B) Clinically significant problematic behavioral changes (belligerence, assaultativeness, impulsiveness, unpredictability, psychomotor agitation, etc) that developed shortly after or during use.
C) Within 1 hour, 2 or more of the following appear:
1) Vertical or horizontal nystagmus
2) Hypertension or tachycardia
3) numbness or diminished responsiveness to pain
4) Ataxia
5) Dysarthria
6) muscle rigidity
7) seizures or coma
8) Hyperacusis
D) The signs or symptoms are not attributable to another medical condition and are not better explained by another mental disorder, including intoxication with another substance.

Answer 14

Phencyclidine Intoxication

Question 15

This substance intoxication reflects the clinically significant behavioral changes that occur shortly after ingestion. Most common clinical presentations are disorientation, confusion without hallucinations, hallucinations or delusions, catatonic-like syndrome, and coma of varying severity. Intoxication typically lasts for several hours, potentially longer depending on other drug use and clinical presentation

Answer 15

Phencyclidine Intoxication

Question 16

A) Following cessation of use of a hallucinogen, the reexperiencing of one or more of the perceptual symptoms that were experienced while intoxicated with the hallucinogen (e.g. geometric hallucinations, false perceptions of movement in the peripheral, flashes of color, intensified colors, halos around objects, macropsia, micropsia)
B) The symptoms in Criteria A cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
C) The symptoms are not attributable to another medical condition and are not better explained by another mental disorder or hypnopompic hallucinations.

Answer 16

Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder

Question 17

The hallmark of this disorder is the reexperiencing, when the individual is sober, of the perceptual disturbances that were experienced while the individual was intoxicated with this substance. Symptoms may include any perceptual perturbations, but visual disturbances tend to be predominate.

Answer 17

Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder

Question 18

Typical abnormal visual perceptions are geometric hallucinations, false perceptions of movement in the peripheral field, flashes of color, intensified colors, trails of images of moving objects, perceptions of entire objects, positive afterimages, halos around objects, or misperception of images as too large (macropsia) or too small (micropsia). Duration can be episodic or nearly continuous and must cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

Answer 18

Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder

Question 19

A) Recent or intended or unintended short-term, high-dose exposure to inhalant substances, including volatile hydrocarbons such as toluene or gasoline.
B) Clinically significant problematic behavioral or psychological changes (belligerence, assaultiveness, apathy, impaired judgment) that developed during or shortly after exposure to these \_\_\_\_.
C) 2 or more of the following signs or symptoms developing during, or shortly after exposure/use:
1) Dizziness
2) Nystagmus
3) Incoordination
4) slurred speech
5) unsteady gait
6) lethargy
7) depressed reflexes
8) psychomotor impairment
9) tremor
10) Generalized muscle weakness
11) Blurred vision or diplopia
12) Stupor or coma
13) Euphoria
D) The signs/symptoms are not attributable to another medical condition and are not better explained by another mental disorder, including intoxication with another substance

Answer 19

Inhalant Intoxication

Question 20

Happens after intended or unintended intake of a volatile hydrocarbon substance. Volatile hydrocarbons are toxic gases from glues, fuels, paints, and other volatile compounds. Happens in brief episodes that may recur as effects only last a few minutes to a few hours.

Answer 20

Inhalant Intoxication

Question 21

A) Recent use of an amphetamine type substance or stimulant.
B) Clinically significant problematic behavioral or psychological changes (euphoria, affective blunting, changes in sociability, hypervigilance, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, tension, anger, stereotyped behaviors, impaired judgment) that develop shortly after or during use.
C) 2 or more of the following that develop during or shortly after use:
1) Tachycardia or bradycardia
2) Pupillary dilation
3) Elevated or lowered blood pressure
4) Perspiration or chills
5) Nausea or vomitting
6) Evidence of weight loss
7) Psychomotor agitation or impairment (slowing)
8) Muscular weakness, respiratory depression, chest pain, or cardiac arrhythmia
9) Confusion, seizures, dyskinesias, dystonias, or coma.
D) The signs/symptoms are not attributable to another medical condition and are not better explained by another mental disorder, including intoxication with another substance.

Answer 21

Stimulant (Cocaine) Intoxication

Question 22

Essential feature is presence of clinically significant behavioral or psychological changes that develop during or shortly after use. Auditory hallucinations may be prominent, as may paranoid ideation, and these symptoms must be distinguished from an independent psychotic disorder. Begins with a “high” feeling and includes one or more of the following: euphoria with enhanced vigor, gregariousness, hyperactivity, restlessness, hypervigilance, interpersonal sensitivity, talkativeness, anxiety, tension, alertness, grandiosity, stereotyped and repetitive behavior, anger, impaired judgment, and sometimes affective blunting with fatigue or sadness (chronic cases).

Answer 22

Stimulant (cocaine) intoxication

Question 23

A) Cessation of (or reduction in) prolonged substance use of this type
B) Dysphoric mood and 2 or more of the following physiological changes, developing within a few hours to several days after criterion A:
1) fatigue
2) vivid, unpleasant dreams
3) insomnia or hypersomnia
4) increased appetite
5) Psychomotor impairment or agitation
C) The signs/symptoms in criterion B cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
D) The signs/symptoms are not attributable to another medical condition and are not better explained by another mental disorder, including intoxication or withdrawal from another substance.

Answer 23

Stimulant (amphetamine) withdrawal

Question 24

Essential feature is the presence of a characteristic syndrome that develops within a few hours to several days after the cessation of use of a substance. It’s characterized by development of dysphoric mood accompanied by 2 or more of the following: physiological changes, fatigue, vivid and unpleasant dreams, insomnia or hypersomnia, increased appetite, and psychomotor impairment or agitation. Bradycardia is often present and is a reliable measure of this.

Answer 24

Stimulant (amphetamine) withdrawal

Question 25

A) Daily use of this substance for at least several weeks
B) Abrupt cessation of usage of the substance, reduction in amount used, followed within 24 hours by 4 or more of the following:
1) Irritability, frustration, anger
2) anxiety
3) Difficulty concentrating
4) increased appetite
5) restlessness
6) depressed mood
7) insomnia
C) Signs/symptoms in criterion B cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
D) Signs/symptoms are not attributed to another medical condition and are not better explained by another mental disorder, including intoxication or withdrawal from another substance.

Answer 25

Tobacco Withdrawal

Question 26

The symptoms impair the ability to stop use of this substance. the symptoms are much more intense among individuals who use it in specific ways other than medication. This is common among daily users but can occur among non daily users. Heart rate decreases 5-12 beats per minute in the first few days after quitting the substance. and weight increases an average 4-7 lbs over the first year after stopping use of the substance. Can produce clinically significant mood changes and functional impairment.

Answer 26

Tobacco withdrawal