DSM 5; Quiz 1

Question 1

A) Deficits in the intellectual functions, such as reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience, confirmed by both clinical assessment and individualized, standard intelligence testing.
B) Deficits in adaptive functioning that result in the failure to meet developmental and sociocultural standards for personal independence and social responsibility. Without ongoing support, the adaptive deficits limit functioning in one or more activities of daily life, such as communication, social participation, and independent living, across multiple environments, such as home, school, work, and community.
C) Onset of intellectual and adaptive deficits during the developmental period

Answer 1

Intellectual Disability Disorder

Question 2

deficits in general mental abilities, and impairment in every day adaptive functioning in comparison to an individual’s age, gender, and socioculturally matched peers with onset during developmental period.

Answer 2

Intellectual disability disorder

Question 3

A disorder with onset during the developmental period that includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains. 3 areas must be met:

Answer 3

Intellectual Disability Disorder

Question 4

A. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, as manifested by the following, currently or by history:
1) Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity, ranging from abnormal social approach and failure of normal back and forth conversation to reduced sharing of interests, emotions, or affect, to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions.
2) Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, ranging from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication to abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures to a total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication
3) Deficits in developing, maintaining and understanding relationships, ranging from difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts to difficulty in sharing imaginative play or making friends to absences of interest in peers.
B. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interest or activities, as manifested by at least 2 of the following currently or by history:
1) Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects or speech (e.g., simple motor stereotypes, lining up toys, or flipping objects, echolalia, idiosyncratic phrases)
2) Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal/nonverbal behavior
3) Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus.
4) Hyper or hypo reactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment.
C. Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period
D. Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupations, or other important areas of current functioning.
E. These disturbances are NOT better explained by intellectual disability or global developmental delay. Intellectual disability and ASD frequently co-occur; to make comorbid diagnoses of ASD and intellectual disability, social communication should be below that expected for general developmental level.

Answer 4

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Question 5

Essential features include: persistent impairment in reciprocal social communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. These symptoms are present from early childhood and limit or impair everyday functioning. Core diagnostic features will be evident during the developmental period. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly.

Answer 5

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Question 6

A. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics have been present at some time during the illness, although not necessarily concurrently.
B. The tics may wax and wane in frequency but have persisted for more than 1 year since first tic onset
C. Onset is before age 18 years
D. The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., cocaine) or another medical condition (e.g., Huntington’s disease, postviral encephalitis).

Answer 6

Tourette’s Disorder

Question 7

Multiple motor and 1+ vocal tics. (Tics are sudden, rapid, and recurrent nonrhythmic motor movement or vocalization)

Answer 7

Tourette’s Disorder

Question 8

A. Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached, as evidenced by at least 3 of the following:

1) Recurrent excessive distress when anticipating or experiencing separation from home or from major attachment figures.
2) Persistent and excessive worry about losing major attachment figures or about possible harm to them, such as illness, injury, disasters, or death.
3) Persistent and excessive worry about experiencing an untoward event (e.g., getting lost, being kidnapped, having an accident, becoming ill) that causes separation from a major attachment figure
4) Persistent reluctance or refusal to go out, away from home, to school, to work, or elsewhere because of fear of separation.
5) Persistent and excessive fear of or reluctance about being alone without major attachment figures at home or in other settings.
6) Persistent reluctance or refusal to sleep away from home or to go to sleep without being near a major attachment figure.
7) Repeated nightmares involving the theme of separation.
8) Repeated complaints of physical symptoms (e.g., headaches, stomachaches, nausea, vomiting) when separated from major attachment figures occurs or is anticipated.

Answer 8

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Question 9

B. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, lasting at least 4 weeks in children and adolescents and typically 6 months or more in adults.
C. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, academic, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
D. The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as refusing to leave home because of excessive resistance to change in ASD; delusions or hallucinations concerning separation in psychotic disorders; refusal to go outside without a trusted companion in agoraphobia; worries about ill health or other harm befalling significant others in generalized anxiety disorder; or concerns about having an illness in illness anxiety disorder.

Answer 9

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Question 10

Essential features include: excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from home or attachment figures.

Answer 10

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Question 11

With this disorder, Cardiovascular symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness and feeling faint are rare in younger children but can occur in adolescents and adults. Younger children can experience headaches, stomachaches, nausea, and vomiting

Answer 11

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Question 12

A. Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation for speaking (e.g., school) despite speaking in other situations.
B. The disturbance interferes with educational or occupational achievement or with social communication.
C. The duration of the disturbance is at least 1 month (not limited to the first month of school).
D. The failure to speak is not attributable to a lack of knowledge of, or comfort with, the spoken language required in the social situation.
E. The disturbance is not better explained by a communication disorder (e.g., childhood-onset fluency disorder) and does not occur exclusively during the course of ASD, schizophrenia, or another psychotic disorder.

Answer 12

Selective Mutism Disorder

Question 12

A. Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation for speaking (e.g., school) despite speaking in other situations.
B. The disturbance interferes with educational or occupational achievement or with social communication.
C. The duration of the disturbance is at least 1 month (not limited to the first month of school).
D. The failure to speak is not attributable to a lack of knowledge of, or comfort with, the spoken language required in the social situation.
E. The disturbance is not better explained by a communication disorder (e.g., childhood-onset fluency disorder) and does not occur exclusively during the course of ASD, schizophrenia, or another psychotic disorder.

Answer 12

Selective Mutism Disorder

Question 13

children with this disorder do not initiate speech or reciprocally respond when spoke to by others

Answer 13

Selective Mutism disorder

Question 14

Children with this disorder will speak in their home in the presence of immediate family members but often not in front of close friends or second-degree relatives.

Answer 14

Selective Mutism Disorder

Question 15

Disorder marked by high social anxiety; children with this disorder refuse to speak at school, leading to academic or educational impairment.

Answer 15

Selective Mutism Disorder

Question 16

Children with this disorder sometimes use nonverbal means to communicate (grunting, pointing) and may be willing or eager to engage in social encounters when speech is not required

Answer 16

Selective Mutism Disorder

Question 17

A. A consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers, manifested by both of the following:
1. The child rarely or minimally seeks comfort when distressed
2. The child rarely or minimally responds to comfort when distressed.
B. A persistent social and emotional disturbance characterized by at least 2 of the following:
1. Minimal social and emotional responsiveness to others.
2. Limited positive affect.
3. Episodes of unexplained irritability, sadness, or fearfulness that are evident even during nonthreatening interactions with adult caregivers.
C. The child has experienced a pattern of extremes of insufficient care as evidenced by at least 1 of the following:
1. Social neglect or deprivation in the form of persistent lack of having basic emotional needs for comfort, stimulation, and affection met by caregiving adults.
2. Repeated changes of primary caregivers that limit the opportunities to form stable attachments (e.g., frequent changes in foster care).
3. Rearing in unusual settings that severely limit opportunities to form selective attachments (e.g., institutions with high child-to-caregiver ratios).
D. The care in Criterion C is presumed to be responsible for the disturbed behavior in Criterion A (e.g., the disturbances in Criterion A began following the lack of adequate care in Criterion C).
E. The criteria are not met for ASD.
F. The disturbance is evident before age 5 years.
G. The child has a developmental age of at least 9 months.

Answer 17

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Question 18

in infancy or childhood this disorder is characterized by a pattern of markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate attachment behaviors, in which a child rarely or minimally turns preferentially to an attachment figure for comfort, support, protection, and nurturance

Answer 18

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Question 19

Essential feature is absent or grossly underdeveloped attachment between the child and putative caregiving adults

Answer 19

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Question 20

This disorder is associated with the absence of expected comfort seeking an response to comforting behaviors. In addition, emotion regulation is compromised and display episodes of negative emotions of fear, sadness, or irritability that are not readily explained. Must have developmental age of 9m

Answer 20

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Question 21

A. Repeated voiding of the urine into bed or clothes, whether involuntary or intentional.
B. The behavior is clinically significant as manifested by either a frequency of at least twice a week for at least 3 consecutive months or the presence of clinically significant distress or impairment in social, academic (occupational), or other important areas of functioning.
C. Chronological age is at least 5 years old (or equivalent developmental level).
D. The behavior is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a diuretic, an antipsychotic mediation) or another medical condition (e.g., diabetes, spina bifida, a seizure disorder).

Answer 21

Enuresis

Question 22

Essential feature is repeated voiding of urine during the day or night into bed or clothes. Most often voiding is involuntary but occasionally may be intentional

Answer 22

Enuresis

Question 23

A. Repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places (e.g., clothing, floor), whether involuntary or intentional.
B. At least one such event occurs each month for at least 3 months.
C. Chronological age is at least 4 years old (or equivalent developmental level).
D. The behavior is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., laxatives) or another medical condition except through a mechanism involving constipation.

Answer 23

Encopresis

Question 24

Essential Feature is repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places (bed, floor). Most often the passage is involuntary but occasionally may be intentional

Answer 24

Encopresis

Question 25

A. A pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months as evidenced by at least 4 symptoms from any of the following categories, and exhibited during interaction with at least one individual who is not a sibling.
Angry/Irritable Mood
1. Often loses temper
2. Is often touchy or easily annoyed
3. Is often angry and resentful
Argumentative/Defiant Behavior
4. Often argues with authority figures or, for children and adolescents, with adults.
5. Often actively defies or refuses to comply with requests from authority figures or with rules.
6. Often deliberately annoys others
7. Often blames others for his or her mistakes or misbehavior
Vindictiveness:
8. Has been spiteful or vindictive at least twice within the past 6 months.
B. The disturbance in behavior is associated with distress in the individual or others in his or her immediate social context (family, peer group, work colleagues), or it impacts negatively on social, educational, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
C. The behaviors do not occur exclusively during the course of a psychotic, substance use, depressive, or bipolar disorder. Also, the criteria are not met for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.

Answer 25

Oppositional Defiance Disorder

Question 26

Frequent and persistent pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness. Not unusual for those with the disorder to show the behavioral features of the disorder without problems of negative mood.

Answer 26

Oppositional Defiance Disorder

Question 27

Symptoms may be confined to one setting, most usually the home. Those with this disorder may be significantly impaired in their social functioning.

Answer 27

Oppositional Defiance Disorder

Question 28

behaviors are common among siblings and therefore must be observed during interactions with others besides a sibling. behaviors of this disorder are typically more evident in interactions with adults or peers whom the individual knows well- so may not be apparent during a clinical exam

Answer 28

Oppositional defiance disorder

Question 29

A. A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated, as manifested by the presence of at least 3 of the following 15 criteria in the past 12 months from any of the categories below, with at least one criterion present in the past 6 months:
-Aggression to People and Animals
1. Often bullies, threatens, or intimidates others.
2. Often initiates physical fights.
3. Has used a weapon that can cause serious physical harm to others (bat, brick, broken bottle, knife, gun)
4. Has been physically cruel to people
5. Has been physically cruel to animals
6. Has stolen while confronting a victim (mugging, purse snatching, extortion, armed robbery).
7. Has forced someone into sexual activity.
-Destruction of Property:
8. Has deliberately engaged in fire setting with the intention of causing serious damage
9. Has deliberately destroyed others’ property (other than by fire setting).
-Deceitfulness or Theft
10. Has broken into someone else’s house, building, or car.
11. Often lies to obtain goods or favors or to avoid obligations
12. Has stolen items of nontrivial value without confronting a victim (shoplifting, but w/o breaking and entering, forgery).
-Serious Violations of Rules
13. Often stays out at night despite parental prohibitions, beginning before age 13.
14. Has run away from home overnight at least twice while living in the parental or parental surrogate home, or once without returning for a lengthy period.
15. Is often truant from school, beginning at age 13 years
B. The disturbance in behavior causes clinically significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.
C. If the individual is age 18 years or older, criteria are not met for antisocial personality disorder.

Answer 29

Conduct Disorder

Question 30

Essential feature of the disorder is a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated.

Answer 30

Conduct Disorder

Question 31

4 main categories are: aggressive conduct, nonaggressive conduct, deceitfulness or theft and serious violations of rules

Answer 31

Conduct Disorder

Question 32

3 of 15 criteria must be present over past 12 months with at least 1 behavior in the past 6 months. The disturbance in behavior is present in a variety of settings. Individuals with this disorder will minimize their behaviors

Answer 32

Conduct disorder