Quiz 3 Flashcards
Three parameters of vowels
- tongue/jaw height
- tongue frontness or backness
- lip rounding
Three parameters of consonants
- voicing
- place of articulation
- manner of articulation
Characteristics of vowels
- segments produced with relatively open or unobstructed vocal tract
- always voiced
- three parameters
Characteristics of consonants
- segments produced with relatively closed vocal tract
- three parameters
Place of [p], [b], [m]
bilabial
place of [f] and [v]
labiodental
Place of [θ] and [ð]
interdental
Place of [t], [d], [s], [z], [n], [r], [l]
alveolar
Place of [ʃ ], [ʒ], [ʧ], [ʤ], [j]
Palatal
Place of [k], [g], [ŋ]
velar
Place of [h], [ʔ]
glottal
Manner of [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g]
Stops
Manner of [m], [n], [ŋ]
Nasals
Manner of [f], [v], [s], [z], [θ], [ð], [h], fancy s
Fricatives
Manner of [ʧ], [ʤ]
affricatives
Manner of [l]
Lateral Approximants
Manner of [r]
Retroflex Approximants
Manner of [w], [j]
Glide Approximants
semivowels
- Between the vowels and obstruent consonants
- Vocal tract is narrowed, but not to the point of producing air turbulence
- /j/ and /w/ in English
Vocalic
-Produced with an oral cavity that is not constricted any more than is necessary for the high vowels /i/ and /u/ or the liquids and with the vocal folds adducted for spontaneous voicing
+ vocalic: all vowels + l, r
Consonantal
-Consonantal segments produced with an audible constriction in the vocal tract
+ consonantal: All consonants
- consonantal: vowels
Sonorant
-Produced without the imbalance of air pressure in the vocal tract that causes turbulence
+sonorant: vowels, nasals, liquids, glides
Coronal
Articulated with the tip and/or blade of the tongue; the tongue is raised from its neutral position
Anterior
-Produced with an obstruction located at or anterior to that necessary for the alveopalatal /ʃ/ within the oral cavity
high
By raising the body of the tongue above the neutral position required for the schwa
low
By lowering the body of the tongue below the neutral position for the schwa
back
By moving the tongue back from the position for the schwa
continuant
Produced with incomplete constriction so that the airflow is not blocked.
-continuant: oral/nasal stops and affricates
Strident
Friction than is nosier than usual; characterized by considerable noise
+ strident: all fricatives except /θ/, /ð/, and /h/
distributed
The tongue is extended for some distance in the mouth
+distributed: /ʃ/ /ʒ/, affricates, and /w/, /j/
Rounded
Made by pursing the lips
/r/, /w/
Nasal
Lowering the soft palate (=the velum)
Lateral
The airflow is over and around the sides of the tongue
Voiced
Vocal folds vibration
Tense
-With the considerable muscular contraction in the root of the tongue
+tense: all voiceless sounds
Front
Vowels made anterior to the central plane (schwa)
Advanced
-Vowels produced with a forward positioning of the tongue
/a/ for the diphthongs
Rhotic
-Vowels with r-coloring
/ɚ/ and /ɝ/
