Quiz 2 plus some midterm stuff

Question 1

Suprasegmentals

Answer 1

Above individual speech sound or phoneme

Question 2

Word stress

Answer 2

Words with more than one syllable will always have one particular syllable that will produce greatest force

Question 3

Sentence stress

Answer 3

Focus listener’s attention on what is most important in the message
-“content words”

Question 4

Intonation

Answer 4

Variety of a pitch while speaking

Question 5

Respiration

Answer 5

Energy source, “power source” for speech

- diaphragm: exhale (up), inhale (down)

Question 6

Phonation

Answer 6

Sound source

• Larynx:
  - voiceless (abducted when air flows in)
  - voiced (adducted causing voice to vibrate)

Question 7

Articulation

Answer 7

Sound filter

• tongue: most important and active articulator
• Velopharyngeal port: when open (nasal sounds), when closed (non- nasal sounds)

Question 8

Characteristics of vowels

Answer 8

• produced relatively open or unobstructed vocal tract
• always voiced
• 3 parameters of vowels

Question 9

Three parameters of vowels

Answer 9

• Tongue/ jaw height
• tongue frontness or backness
• Lip rounding

Question 10

4 rounded vowels

Answer 10

u, horseshoe u, o, and backwards c

Question 11

Tongue sections in order

Answer 11

tip, blade, front, center, back, root

Question 12

Syllabic consonants

Answer 12

consonants that can function as the nucleus of a syllable

-l, m, n, fancy n

Question 13

vowel reduction

Answer 13

• A reduction in the amount of movement of the tongue in pronouncing the vowel, as with the characteristic change of many unstressed vowels
• The most common reduced vowel is schwa (or [ɪ])