Quiz Flashcards
insulin produced in the liver by
islets of langerhans
functions of glucose
enhances glucose transport across cell membranes
decreases blood glucose by enhancing storage of glucose
enhances amino acid transport into cells
alpha cells produce ____ which _____ blood glucose
glucagon, raises
beta cells produce ___ which ____ blood glucose
insulin, decreases
which processes increase blood glucose level between meals and helps maintain the blood glucose level to prevent hypoglycemia?
- glycogenolysis
2. gluconeogenesis
diabetes mellitus is a dx where insulin is absent/deficient/ineffective, therefore, blood glucose ___
increases to abnormal levels
most common cause of type 1 DM is
immune-related
insulin normally ___ lipolysis
inhibits
with absolute absence of insulin, formation of ___ is more likely to occur as a result of excessive fat breakdown
ketones
type 2 diabetes obesity called ____ and is r/t ___
diabesity, metabolic syndrome
after a “load” is given, blood samples drawn; individuals without DM exhibit normal glucose within 2-3 hrs
OGTT
preferred diagnostic test, easily admined at low cost
FBS
measure % of HgB that has combined permanently with glucose during the past 3 months; less than 7% indicates diabetes
A1C
an insulin rxn caused by an insulin level in excess of body’s current needs
hypoglycemia
most a/w excessive fat breakdown (lipolysis) when insulin is lacking
DKA
a/w high glucose levels
HHS & DKA
condition with most rapid onset
hypoglycemia
precipitated by stress
DKA & hypoglycemia
involves move’t of H2O out of brain cells as extremely high blood glucose exerts an osmotic effect; may involve severe neurological alterations
HHS – hyperosmolar nonketocit syndrome
seen most often in a/w type 2 DM
HHS
manifestations of hypoglycemia (adrenergic):
pallor, diaphoreses, shakiness
polydipsia defined as
increased thirst and fluid intake
most active form of thyroid hormone
T3 (3 iodides attached to tyrosine)
sluggishness, sleeping more than normal:
hypothyroid
bradycardia and low cardiac output:
hypothyroid
wt gain that presents as edema; may lead to life-threatening coma:
hypoglycemia
high thyroid hormone levels likely to ___ production of TRH and TSH
inhibit
cold temps ____ thyroid production by stimulating TRH release from the ____
trigger, hypothalamus
radiation of the neck is more likely to cause primary hypothyroidism
true (primary is the actual thyroid)
grave’s disease is a rare form of hyperthyroidism
false (very common dx)
