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Anatomy Lab > quiz 2 - tissues > Flashcards

quiz 2 - tissues Flashcards

1
Q

epithelial tissue

A

covers surfaces because cells are in contact
lines hollow organs, cavities, and ducts
forms glands when cells sink under the surface

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2
Q

connective tissue

A

material found between cells
supports and binds structures together
stores energy as fat
provides immunity to disease

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3
Q

muscle tissue

A

cells shorten in length producing movement

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4
Q

nerve tissue

A

cells that conduct electrical signals
detects change inside and outside the body
responds with nerve impulses

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5
Q

tight junction

A

watertight seal between cells
plasma membranes fused with a strip of proteins
common in cells which line the GI and bladder

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6
Q

adherens junctions

A

holds epithelial cells together
plaque - dense layer of proteins inside the cell membrane
microfilaments - extend into the cytoplasm
integral membrane proteins - connect to the membrane of the other cell

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7
Q

desmosomes

A

resist cellular separation and cell disruption
similar structure to adherens junction except intracellular intermediate filaments cross the cytoplasm of cell
cellular support of cardiac muscle

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8
Q

hemidesmosomes

A

half a desmosome
connects cells to extracellular material - basement membrane

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9
Q

gap junctions

A

tiny space between the plasma membrane of two cells
crossed by channel proteins called connexons forming fluid filled tunnels
cell communication with ions and small molecules and nerve impulses spread from cell to cell - heart and smooth muscle of gut

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10
Q

epithelial tissue

A

closely packed cells forming continuous sheets
cells sit on the basement membrane
apical free surface
avascular - without blood cells - nutrients diffuse in from underlying connective tissue
good nerve supply
rapid cell division
covering/ lining vs glandular types

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11
Q

basement membrane

A

basal lamina - from epithelial cells - collagen fibers
reticular lamina - secreted by connective tissue cells - reticular fibers
holds cells to connective tissue
guide for cell migration during development

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12
Q

covering and lining epithelium

A

epidermis of skin
lining of blood vessels and ducts
lining respiratory, reproductive, urinary, and GI tract

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13
Q

glandular epithelium

A

secreting portion of glands
thyroid, adrenal and sweat glands

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14
Q

simple epithelium

A

one cell layer thick

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15
Q

stratified epithelium

A

many cell layers thick

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16
Q

pseudostratified epithelium

A

single cell layer where all cells don’t reach the apical surface

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17
Q

squamous epithelium

A

flat

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18
Q

cuboidal epithelium

A

cube like

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19
Q

columnar

A

tall column

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20
Q

transitional

A

shape varies with tissue stretching

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21
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

single layer of flat cells
lines blood vessels and body cavities
very thin controls osmosis, filtration, and diffusion
centrally located nuclei
cells in direct contact with each other

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22
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

single layer of cube shaped cells when viewed from the side
nuclei are round and centrally located
lines tubes of the kidney
absorption or secretion

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23
Q

nonciliated simple columnar

A

single layer of rectangular cells
unicellular glands - goblet cells secrete mucus - lubricate respiratory, urinary, GI, and reproductive systems
microvilli - fingerlike projections - help with absorption along the GI tract

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24
Q

ciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

single layer rectangular cells with cilia
mucus from goblet cells moved along by cilia - found in respiratory system and uterine tubes

25
stratified squamous epithelium
several layers thick surface cells flat keratinized - filled with keratin - skin - epidermis non keratinized - keratin in the moist living cells at the surface - mouth + vagina
26
stratified cuboidal epithelium
multilayered surface cells cuboidal rare - found only in sweat gland ducts and male urethra
27
stratified columnar epithelium
multilayered surface cells columnar rare - very large ducts and part of the male urethra
28
transitional epithelium
multilayered surface cells varying in shape from round to flat if stretched lines hollow organs which expand from within - urinary bladder
29
pseudostratified columnar
single cell layer all cells attach to basement membrane but not all reach the free surface nuclei at varying depths respiratory system, male urethra, epididymis
30
glandular epithelium
derived from epithelial cells which sank below the surface during development
31
exocrine glands
cells which secrete - sweat, saliva, earwax, digestive enzymes - onto free surface of the epithelial layer connected to surface by tubes - ducts unicellular glands or multicellular glands
32
endocrine glands
secrete hormones into the hormones help maintain homeostasis
33
connective tissue ground substance
supports the cells and fibers helps determine the consistency of the matrix - fluid, gel, or solid contains many large molecules - hyaluronic acid - thick, viscous, and slippery - chondroitin sulfate - jellylike substance providing support - adhesion proteins bind collagen fibers to ground substance
34
collagen
25% of the protein in the body tough, resistant to pull, yet pliable formed from the protein collagen
35
elastin
lungs, blood vessels, ear cartilage smaller protein fibers formed from the protein elastin surrounded by glycoprotein can stretch up to 150% of relaxed length and return to its original shape
36
reticular
spleen and lymph nodes thin, branched fibers which form the framework of organs formed from protein collagen
37
mesenchyme
irregularly shaped cells in semifluid ground substance with reticular fibers gives rise to all other types of connective tissue
38
mucous connective tissue
star shaped cells in jellylike fluid found only in the umbilical cord
39
areolar connective tissue
fibroblasts, microphages, plasma cells, mast cells, a few white blood cells all three types of fibers present gelatinous ground substance nuclei are mainly fibroblasts
40
adipose tissue
peripheral nuclei due to large fat storage droplet deeper layer of skin, organ padding, yellow marrow reduces heat loss, energy storage, protection brown fat found in infants has more blood vessels and mitochondria and is responsible for heat generation
41
reticular connective tissue
network of fibers and cells which produce framework of the organ holds organ together - liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow
42
dense regular connective tissue
collagen fibers in bundles with fibroblasts between the parallel bundles white, tough, and pliable when unstained - forms tendons also known as white fibrous connective tissue
43
dense irregular connective tissue
collagen fibers are irregularly arranged tissue can resist tension from any direction very tough tissue - white of eyeball, dermis of skin
44
elastic connective tissue
branching elastic fibers and fibroblasts can stretch and still return to its original shape ling tissue, vocal tissue, ligament between vertebrae
45
hyaline cartilage
bluish-shiny white rubbery substance chondrocytes sit in spaces called lacunae no blood vessels or nerves so repair is very slow reduces friction at joints as articular cartilage
46
fibrocartilage
many more cartilage fibers cause rigidity and stiffness strongest type of cartilage - intervertebral disks
47
elastic cartilage
elastic fibers help maintain shape after deformations ear, nose, and vocal cartilages
48
nerve tissue
cell types - nerve cells and neuroglial cells nerve cell structure nucleus and long cell processes conduct nerve signals dendrite - signal travels toward soma axon - signal travels away from soma
49
smooth muscle
spindle like cells with a single, centrally located nuclei walls of hollow organs - blood vessels, gi tract, bladder involuntary and nonstriated
50
cardiac muscle
cells are branched cylinders involuntary and striated attached to and communicate with each other by intercalated disks and desmosomes
51
skeletal muscle
cells are long cylinders with peripheral nuclei visible light and dark banding appears striated voluntary - conscious - control
52
synovial membrane
line the joint cavities of all freely movable joints no epithelial cells - just special cells which secrete slippery fluid
53
serous membranes
simple squamous cells overlying loose CT layer squamous cells secrete a slippery fluid lines a body cavity which does not open to the outside such as abdominal cavity - pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium - membrane or walls of cavity - parietal layer - membrane over organs in cavity - visceral layer
54
mucous membranes
lines a body cavity that opens to the outside - mouth + vagina epithelial cells form a barrier to microbiomes tight junctions between cells mucous secreted from underlying glands to keep surface moist
55
blood
connective tissue with a liquid matrix - plasma cell types - red blood cells - erythrocytes, white blood cells - leukocytes, and cell fragments called platelets provide clotting and immune functions and carry O2 and CO2
56
compact bone
osteon - lamellae of mineralized matrix - calcium and phosphate give it it's hardness - interwoven collagen fibers provide strength osteocytes in lacunae between lamellae canaliculi connect cell to cell
57
spongy bone
sponge like structure with spaces and trabeculae - struts of bone surrounded by red bone marrow no osteons
58
compact bone
protects, provides movement, stores minerals, site of blood cell formation

Anatomy Lab (2 decks)

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