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INTRO TO ORTHO > quiz #2 - tendinitis, bursitis, dislocations > Flashcards

quiz #2 - tendinitis, bursitis, dislocations Flashcards

1
Q

dislocation

A

complete dissociation of articulating surfaces of a joint

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2
Q

subluxation

A

when articulating surfaces of a joint remain in partial contact with each other

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3
Q

GH - anterior dislocation

A

most common

caused by excessive ABD & external
rotation of humerus

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4
Q

GH - posterior dislocation

A

caused by flexion, ADD & internal rotation of humerus

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5
Q

patella dislocation

A

usually dislocated laterally

mechanism: external rotation of tibia & foot when knee is flexed

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6
Q

lunate dislocation

A

dislocates in a palmar direction

mechanism: by fall on outstretched hand, forcing wrist into hyperextension

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7
Q

elbow dislocation

A

often accompanied by fracture

caused by fall on outstretched hand or MVA

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8
Q

hip dislocation

A

uncommon

mechanism: car/ motorcycle accident
-if person seated, femur forced posteriorly by direct impact to knee
-following reduction, limb tractioned for up to 6 weeks

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9
Q

CI’s - dislocations

A

-avoid testing other than pain-free AF ROM in acute and subacute stages
-avoid removing protective mm splinting
-avoid distal circulation techniques in acute & early subacute stages
-joint play CI’d if capsule hasn’t been surgically reduced
-frictions CI’d if on anti-inflammatories or blood thinners
-avoid heavy hydro in acute & subacute stages
-remedial exercise in acute stage is CI’d
-ensure mm strength before restoring ROM in dislocation direction

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10
Q

dislocations - symptoms: ACUTE

A

intense pain, snapping sound, local edema, bruising, decreased ROM

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11
Q

dislocations - symptoms: EARLY SUBACUTE

A

reduced pain, edema, inflammation, developing adhesions, reduced ROM

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12
Q

dislocations - symptoms: LATE SUBACUTE

A

diminished bruising, increased mm tone, maturing adhesions

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13
Q

dislocations - symptoms: CHRONIC

A

local pain, mature adhesions, reduced ROM, potential mm weakness & instability

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14
Q

dislocations - H.H. questions

A

-do you know the mechanism of the injury?
-are you using any supports?
-what symptoms are you currently experiencing?
-what activities are difficult to complete
-was the joint immobilized or surgically repaired?

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15
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of a tendon

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16
Q

tendons

A

attach muscle to bone, part of musculotendinous unit

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17
Q

tendinitis - causes

A

chronic overload of tendon, leading to microtearing & an inflammatory response in tendon

contributing factors: mm imbalances, lack of flexibility, improper equipment & training errors

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18
Q

tendons - appearance in 2 shapes

A

-cord-like structures
-broad, sheet-like called aponeurosis

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19
Q

types of tendons - overuse injuries

A

tendinitis
paratendinitis
tendinosis

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20
Q

PARATENDINITIS

A

inflammation of paratendon or tendon sheath where structures associated with tendon, either of which may be irritated by tendon as it rubs over bony prominence

also called: “tenosynovitis” or “tenovaginitis”

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21
Q

tenosynovitis (paratendinits)

A

irritation of inner surface of tendon sheath by roughened surface of tendon

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22
Q

tenovaginitis

A

irritation & thickening of sheath itself

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23
Q

tendinosis

A

degenerative changes occurring with chronic overuse tendon injuries, such as “tennis elbow”

24
Q

grade 1 - tendinitis

A

pain after activity only

25
Q

grade 2 - tendinitis

A

pain at beginning of activity, disappears during activity, returns after activity

26
Q

grade 3 - tendinitis

A

pain at beginning of activity, during & after – pain may restrict activity

27
Q

grade 4 - tendinitis

A

pain with ADL’s & pain continues to get worse

28
Q

rotator cuff - common locations for tendinitis

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis

29
Q

biceps long head tendon - common locations for tendinitis

A
30
Q

tennis/ golfer’s elbow - common locations for tendinitis

A

common extensor tendon , common flexor tendon

31
Q

wrist - common locations for tendinitis

A

abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis

32
Q

knee - common locations for tendinitis

A

patellar tendon, popliteus tendon

33
Q

ankle - common locations for tendinitis

A

tibialis posterior, achilles tendon

34
Q

tendinitis - symptoms: ACUTE

A

gradual onset, local tenderness, microtearing, inflammation, crepitus, decreased ROM

35
Q

tendinitis - symptoms: CHRONIC

A

chronic pain, fibrosis, adhesions, potential tendon rupture

36
Q

tendinitis - H.H. questions

A

-what activities/ movements cause pain?
-where is pain located?
-was there a previous injury to the affected limb?

37
Q

IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME

A

inflammation, pain & edema in tissues within coracoacromial arch & between acromioclavicular & glenohumeral heads

38
Q

ROTATOR CUFF TEARS

A

overuse, impingement & normal aging can lead to painful tearing of rotator cuff tendons

39
Q

CALCIFIC TENDINITIS

A

late-occurring stage of rotator cuff tendonitis, usually developing in supraspinatus tendon

40
Q

TRIGGER FINGER

A

through overuse, flexor tendons of any finger may develop thickened, nodular swelling

finger stuck in flexion until passively extended by external force

41
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

often secondary to tendinitis

42
Q

bursa

A

= small, flat sac lined with synovium

FUNCTION: reduce friction, usually between tendons & bones

43
Q

bursa can regrow in _____ if surgically removed

A

6-24 months

44
Q

bursitis - causes

A

overuse of structures surrounding bursa, leading to excessive friction & inflammation of bursa walls

contributing factors: mm imbalance, poor biomechanics, postural dysfunctions, lack of flexibility, acute trauma, infection & pathologies such as OA, gout & RA

45
Q

shoulder - common bursa locations

A

subacromial/ subdeltoid (acromion & supraspinatus tendon)

subscapular bursae (scapula & subscapularis mm)

46
Q

elbow - common bursa locations

A

olecranon bursa (olecranon & subcutaneous fascia)

47
Q

hip - common bursa locations

A

-trochanteric (glute max & greater troch.)
-iIliopectineal (iliopsoas & iliofemoral) - pressure on femoral nerve
-ischial bursae (glute max & ischial tub.) - mimics sciatic nerve pain

48
Q

what bursa mimics sciatic pain?

A

ischial bursa

-may be referral down posterior leg that mimics sciatic pain

49
Q

knee - common bursa locations

A

-pes anserine (between tendons of sartorius, semitendinosus, gracilis mm & medial tibia)
-infrapatellar (between IT band & LCL & tibia)
-prepatellar (lower patella & patella lig. & skin)

50
Q

ankle - common bursa locations

A

retrocalcaneal bursa (achilles tendon & calcaneus)

51
Q

BAKER’S CYST

A

synovial cyst, usually appears at lateral side of popliteal space
-thought to be an enlargement of extracapsular bursa between gastrocnemius & semimembranosus mm, or herniation of synovium through posterior joint capsule wall

52
Q

BUNION

A

1st MTP joint capsule
-formed by excessive bone growth (exostosis), a callus & inflamed, thickened bursa developing over joint

53
Q

bursitis - CI’s

A

-with acute bursitis, therapist should avoid compressing bursa or applying techniques that place drag on surrounding tissues
-on-site techniques CI’d with acute bursitis
-if infective bursitis, client referred for medical attention

54
Q

bursitis - symptoms: ACUTE

A

-compressed & irritated by surrounding structures
-deep, burning pain,
-inflammation, heat, swelling
-restricted ROM
-tendonitis may be present

55
Q

bursitis - symptoms: CHRONIC

A

localized pain, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, adhesions, less restricted ROM

INTRO TO ORTHO (5 decks)

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