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Organic Chemistry Lab (Serena) > Quiz 2 - Physical Properties of Organic Solvents > Flashcards

Quiz 2 - Physical Properties of Organic Solvents Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the most common solvent?

A

Water

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2
Q

Water _____ dissolve many different compounds and is found in _____ _______ of solutions.

A

Can; all kinds

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3
Q

T/F If a solvent isn’t given in a solution it is assumed to be water

A

True

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4
Q

The behavior of organic solvents is determined by their…

A

Molecular structures

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5
Q

Define Water-Miscible

A

An organic solvent that will dissolve in water, they will mix

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6
Q

The more similar the intermolecular forces between water molecules and a solvent, the _______ likely it is that the solvent will dissolve in water.

A

MORE

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7
Q

Molecules that are characterized as having weak intermolecular forces have _______ densities.

A

Low

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8
Q

Molecules with heavier atoms will have ______________ densities.

A

Higher

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9
Q

What are some examples of heavier atom molecules?

A

Chlorine or Bromine

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10
Q

Organic solvents that evaporate easily and boil at low temperatures have _______ vapor pressures.

A

High

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11
Q

The boiling point of a solvent is determined by…

A
  • The size and shape/symmetry of its old holes

- Strength of its intermolecular forces

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12
Q

Solvents with low boiling points evaporate ____________.

A

Easily

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13
Q

Solvents with low boiling points ______ be removed easily by mild heating.

A

Can

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14
Q

Boiling points can also be affected by the ________________ ______________ at which the measurement is taken.

A

Atmospheric pressure

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15
Q

If atmospheric pressure is low, the measured boiling point will be ________.

A

Low

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16
Q

The ability of a solvent to dissolve other compounds depends on…

A

How similar the solvent’s polarity is to the compound (solute)

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17
Q

Organic liquids with weak intermolecular forces are said to be….

A

Non-polar

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18
Q

Organic liquids that have very strong intermolecular forces are said to be…

A

Highly polar

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19
Q

Non-polar solvents are best for dissolving…

A

Non-polar compounds

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20
Q

Polar solvents are best for…

A

Polar compounds

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21
Q

T/F Organic compounds only have one type of intermolecular force each

A

False; may have multiple types of intermolecular forces arising from having multiple functional groups

22
Q

Ionic compounds like organic _______ will usually dissolve in highly _____________ solvents.

A

Salts; polar

23
Q

Why do Ionic compounds dissolve well with water being the solvent?

A

Because the attractive interaction between the non-bonded pairs and the polarized hydrogens of water

24
Q

Define Dielectric Constant

A

A physical measurement of how a substance interacts with an electric field

25
Q

What can Dielectric Constant be used for?

A

Used to compare the polarity of different solvents

26
Q

The better a molecule insulates the ___________ the dielectric constant.

A

Higher

27
Q

Think of Dielectric constant as the measurement of a solvents…

A

Ability to balance part of the solute’s charge

28
Q

Define Hydrogen Bond Donor

A

A hydrogen attaches to an electronegative atom

29
Q

It’s reason for these trends in the dipole moments and Dielectric constants is due to the…

A

Electronegativity differences of individual atoms within each molecule

30
Q

Ex. C and H have relative similar electronegativity values so the C-H bond is essentially…

A

Non-polar

31
Q

Non-polar molecules share their electrons ____________.

A

Evenly

32
Q

An O-H bond is polarized since…

A

The O is more electronegative than H

33
Q

In an O-H bond, since O is more electronegative, the electrons are polarized towards the ____ and becomes partially _____________.

A

O; negative

34
Q

An _________ is a good way of showing the polarity of a bond in illustrations.

A

Arrow

35
Q

____________ is the most electronegative atom on the periodic table.

A

Fluorine

36
Q

Is a bond has a Fluorine it will _______ electrons ________ from the carbon and the arrow points towards the ____.

A

Pull; away; F

37
Q

Is arrow points towards F and away from C, F is ______________ and ________________.

A

Electronegative; electropositive

38
Q

Define Dipole Moment Arrow

A

Arrow that is drawn on an entire molecule

39
Q

__________ and ______________ derivative molecules are also good ways to illustrate molecule polarity.

A

Allene; Benzene

40
Q

The Para substitution pattern is overall ______ polar than the Ortho substitution pattern.

A

Less

41
Q

The Meta substitution pattern is ______________ in polarity.

A

In between

42
Q

In the Para di-substitution molecule, the dipoles cancel each other out so the overall polarity is _________.

A

Small

43
Q

In the Ortho isomer substitution molecule. The partial charges add so….

A

The overall polarity is higher

44
Q

Ortho and Meta substitution patterns are __________ at room temperature.

A

Liquid

45
Q

Para isomer is __________ at room temperature.

A

Would

46
Q

Define Chemical Informatics

A

Knowing what a molecules density is, what its boiling point is and what kinds of other molecules it will dissolve

47
Q

If a substance is more dense, it will _______. If a substance is less dense it will _______.

A

Sink; float

48
Q

When it comes to enhancing water solubility are HBA’s important, are HBD’s important, both or neither?

A

HBA’s are not as important as HBDs

49
Q

To find the number of HBDs you must…

A

Count the Hs on Os (alcohols/acids) or Ns (amines/amides)

50
Q

To find the number of HBAs you must…

A

Count the number of non-bonded pairs on the Ns and Os

Organic Chemistry Lab (Serena) (7 decks)

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