Quiz 1 - Intermolecular Forces Flashcards
Sp3 Hybridization = …
Tetrahedral
Sp2 Hybridization = …
Trigonal Planar
Sp Hybridization = …
Linear
Sp3 –> Tetrahedral –> No lone pairs –> …
Tetrahedral
Sp3 –> Tetrahedral –> 1 lone pair –> …
Trigonal Pyramidal
Sp3 –> Tetrahedral –> 2 lone pairs –> …
Bent
Sp2 –> Trigonal Planar –> 1 lone pair –> …
Bent
Sp2 –> Trigonal Planar –> No lone pairs –> …
Trigonal Planar
Sp –> Linear –> …
Linear
Electronegativity differences cause __________ ________ _____________ in bonds.
Electron density polarization
Define Polarization
Shifting of electrons within their orbitals in a bond which result in a bond moment
A non-symmetrical bond moment results in a __________ __________ ___________.
Molecular dipole moment
Define Dipole Moment
Equation…
amount of partial charge) X (distance the partial are separated
Dipole moments are reported in units of ________.
Debye
1 Debye = _____ (esu) X (cm)
10^-18
One electron has a charge of ______________ esu.
4.80x10^-10
The Dipole Moment of a molecule with multiple polar bonds is…
The vector sum of all individual bond dipoles
You must determine a molecules ____________ before analyzing its polarity.
Geometry
T/F A linear molecule could be very different from angular molecules
True
What are the different properties that could be affected by the attractions between molecules
- Solubility
- Boiling Point
- Density
- State of Matter
- Melting Point
Neutral molecules are attracted to one another through…
- Dipole-Dipole Interactions
- Hydrogen Bonding
- Dispersion Forces
Define Dipole-Dipole Forces
Forces that result when polar molecules line up their opposite charges
Define Hydrogen Bonding
A strong type of Dipole-Dipole Attraction
Hydrogen bonds are strong because…
The partial charges are relatively large
When Hydrogen shares electrons with a highly electronegative atom like ____, _____, _____ or _____ it will carry a large _________ ___________ _________.
O, N, F or Cl; partial positive charge
Large positive charges on the Hydrogen atom can attract large _______ charges on other molecules.
Negative
Even with large partial charges, Hydrogen Bonds are __________ than Covalent Bonds.
10-20 times weaker
Define Protic Compounds
Compounds with Hydrogen atoms that are capable of forming Hydrogen Bonds
Define London Dispersion Forces
Nonpolar molecules that have negative electrons that are evenly spread out around a positive nuclei which completely balances the charge
The electrons in London Dispersion Forces are in…
Constant random motion
What occurs if there is an uneven distribution in London Dispersion Forces?
An uneven distribution produces a small (temporary) transient dipole including a temporary dipole in a neighboring molecule
The GREATER the surface area of molecules the ______ transient induced dipole attractions.
MORE
Polar compounds generally mix well with…
Other polar compounds
What is used to give a visual depiction of polarity?
Electrostatic potential maps
Hydrogen Bonds are an especially _______ type of Dipole-Dipole Attraction.
STRONG
T/F It’s not difficult to get a polar compound to mix with a nonpolar compound
False; it is difficult to get a polar compound to mix with a nonpolar compound
