Quiz 2 - Pathways and dysarthrias Flashcards
A LMN lesion to CN V, we expect to see the jaw deviate to the ______ side during opening.
Weak/Affected
A right lower facial weakness is consistent with damage to _____.
Left UMN
Atrophy is a confirmatory sign for ______ dysarthria.
Flaccid
Fasciculations are a confiratory sign of ______.
Flaccid dysarthria.
Flaccid dysarthria affects the muscles of:
5 Things
Respiration Phonation Articulation Prosody Resonance
Flaccid dysarthria is defined as:
a motor speech disorder caused by a disruption of the flow of neural impulse along the LMNs
In flaccid dysarthria, hypernasality is due to damage to….
CN X
The combined presence of what 2 symptoms is the strongest confirmatory sign that flaccid dysarthria is the correct diagnosis?
Hypernasality
Phonatory Incompetence
The final common pathways refers to…
Lower motor neurons
The 3 most common characteristics of flaccid dysarthria are:
Hypernasality
Imprecise consonants
Breathy voice quality
The primary neuromusclar characteristic of flaccid dysarthria is…
weakness
We’d expect the tongue to deviate to the ____ side with a LMN to CN XII
Weak/affected
What are 3 evaluation tasks commonly used in evoking the speech characteristics most associated with dysarthria in motor speech evaluation?
Conversational speech and reading
AMR tasks
Vowel Prolongations
What are causes of flaccid dysarthria?
Physical trauma
Brainstem Stroke
Muscular Dystrophy
PTSD can cause flaccid dysarthria
False
Damage to CN XII will cause dysphonia.
False
Damage to an indirect activation pathway (extrapyramidal system) is a cause of strained vocal quality (i.e. spacisity) in pts with dysarthria.
True
Fasciculations are a sign of LMN damage.
True
Hyperflexia is a sign of LMN damage.
False.
Hypotonia is a sign of LMN damage.
True
Puhtakuh is an example of SMRs
True
The corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts belong to the extrapyramidal system.
False
The corticobulbar tract plays an important role for normal speech.
True
The muscles of the upper face receive innervation only from the ipsilateral motor cortex.
False.
Unilateral LMN usually results in a mild flaccid dysarthria.
True
A single stroke can cause spastic dysarthria only when it occurs in the _______.
Brainstem
Bulbar palsy is….
General term meaning atrophy and weakness in muscles innervated through the medulla.
Damage to the _____ pathways (or ________ system) causes weak and slow movements of the tongue, lips, velum, and other speech structures.
Pyramidal; direct activation
Damage to the _____ pathways (or ________ system) results in weakness, increased muscle tone (spacisity) and abnormal muscle reflexes.
Extrapyramidal; indirect activation
In which dysarthria type is slowness of speech the most pronounced and common?
Spastic
Which component of speech is MOST compromised in spastic dysarthria?
Respiration
Pathological oral reflexes are consistent with….
Spastic dysarthria
Pseudobulbar palsy is…
Spastic dysarthria
Spastic dysarthria is caused by bilateral damage to:
the pyramidal and extrapyramidal neural pathways.
Spastic dysarthria is due to what kind of damage?
Bilateral UMN
The difference between the hypernasality noted in spastic dysarthria and flaccid dysarthria is that hypernasality in spastic dysarthria does not include…
Nasal emission.
The most common articulation disorder in patients with spastic dysarthria, according to Darley et al is:
Imprecise consonants.
Uncontrollable crying or laughing that can accompany damage to the UMNs of the brainstem, caused by damage to the area of the brain that is important in inhibiting emotion is known as:
Pseudobulbar effect.
What are possible causes of spastic dysarthria?
Stroke, ALS, TBI, MS.
Name a feature that distinguishes spastic dysarthria from flaccid dysarthria:
Bilateral damage to UMNs
What neuromuscular characteristic is consistent with spastic dysarthria?
Spasticity
Damage to the indirect activation pathway (extrapyramidal system) is a cause of strained vocal quality in individuals with dysarthria.
True.
Damage to indirect activation pathways result in increased muscle tone, spasicity, and over responses to reflexes.
True
In spastic dysarthria, damages to the extrapyramidal system would result in weakness and reduced muscle tone for speech components.
False.
In spastic dysarthria, we look for patterns of movement of the speech components instead of weakness for a specific muscle.
True
Pseudobulbar affect is most commonly associated with ataxic dysarthria.
False
Ataxic dysarthria is associated with damage to…
Cerebellum
Patients with _____ dysarthria tend to present unsteady vowel prolongation.
Ataxic
The cerebellum influences speech through…
the (cortico) cerebellar control circuit and indirect synapses to other cortical areas.
The cerebellum is an important part of the motor system…
True
The most prevalent speech error in ataxic dysarthria is…
imprecise consonant production.
The movement deficits of timing, force, range, and direction are known as _______.
cerebellar ataxia
Which systems of speech are most impacted by ataxic dysarthria?
Articulation and prosody
Which type of dysarthria is characterized by irregular articulatory errors?
Ataxic
Most prominent signs/symptoms of ataxic dysarthria are:
Articulation inaccuracy and scanning-like prosody.
