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Motor Speech Exam 1 > Quiz 2 - Pathways and dysarthrias > Flashcards

Quiz 2 - Pathways and dysarthrias Flashcards

1
Q

A LMN lesion to CN V, we expect to see the jaw deviate to the ______ side during opening.

A

Weak/Affected

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2
Q

A right lower facial weakness is consistent with damage to _____.

A

Left UMN

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3
Q

Atrophy is a confirmatory sign for ______ dysarthria.

A

Flaccid

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4
Q

Fasciculations are a confiratory sign of ______.

A

Flaccid dysarthria.

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5
Q

Flaccid dysarthria affects the muscles of:

5 Things

A 
Respiration
Phonation
Articulation
Prosody
Resonance
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6
Q

Flaccid dysarthria is defined as:

A

a motor speech disorder caused by a disruption of the flow of neural impulse along the LMNs

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7
Q

In flaccid dysarthria, hypernasality is due to damage to….

A

CN X

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8
Q

The combined presence of what 2 symptoms is the strongest confirmatory sign that flaccid dysarthria is the correct diagnosis?

A

Hypernasality

Phonatory Incompetence

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9
Q

The final common pathways refers to…

A

Lower motor neurons

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10
Q

The 3 most common characteristics of flaccid dysarthria are:

A

Hypernasality
Imprecise consonants
Breathy voice quality

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11
Q

The primary neuromusclar characteristic of flaccid dysarthria is…

A

weakness

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12
Q

We’d expect the tongue to deviate to the ____ side with a LMN to CN XII

A

Weak/affected

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13
Q

What are 3 evaluation tasks commonly used in evoking the speech characteristics most associated with dysarthria in motor speech evaluation?

A

Conversational speech and reading
AMR tasks
Vowel Prolongations

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14
Q

What are causes of flaccid dysarthria?

A

Physical trauma
Brainstem Stroke
Muscular Dystrophy

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15
Q

PTSD can cause flaccid dysarthria

A

False

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16
Q

Damage to CN XII will cause dysphonia.

A

False

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17
Q

Damage to an indirect activation pathway (extrapyramidal system) is a cause of strained vocal quality (i.e. spacisity) in pts with dysarthria.

A

True

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18
Q

Fasciculations are a sign of LMN damage.

A

True

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19
Q

Hyperflexia is a sign of LMN damage.

A

False.

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20
Q

Hypotonia is a sign of LMN damage.

A

True

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21
Q

Puhtakuh is an example of SMRs

A

True

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22
Q

The corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts belong to the extrapyramidal system.

A

False

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23
Q

The corticobulbar tract plays an important role for normal speech.

A

True

24
Q

The muscles of the upper face receive innervation only from the ipsilateral motor cortex.

A

False.

25
Q

Unilateral LMN usually results in a mild flaccid dysarthria.

A

True

26
Q

A single stroke can cause spastic dysarthria only when it occurs in the _______.

A

Brainstem

27
Q

Bulbar palsy is….

A

General term meaning atrophy and weakness in muscles innervated through the medulla.

28
Q

Damage to the _____ pathways (or ________ system) causes weak and slow movements of the tongue, lips, velum, and other speech structures.

A

Pyramidal; direct activation

29
Q

Damage to the _____ pathways (or ________ system) results in weakness, increased muscle tone (spacisity) and abnormal muscle reflexes.

A

Extrapyramidal; indirect activation

30
Q

In which dysarthria type is slowness of speech the most pronounced and common?

A

Spastic

31
Q

Which component of speech is MOST compromised in spastic dysarthria?

A

Respiration

32
Q

Pathological oral reflexes are consistent with….

A

Spastic dysarthria

33
Q

Pseudobulbar palsy is…

A

Spastic dysarthria

34
Q

Spastic dysarthria is caused by bilateral damage to:

A

the pyramidal and extrapyramidal neural pathways.

35
Q

Spastic dysarthria is due to what kind of damage?

A

Bilateral UMN

36
Q

The difference between the hypernasality noted in spastic dysarthria and flaccid dysarthria is that hypernasality in spastic dysarthria does not include…

A

Nasal emission.

37
Q

The most common articulation disorder in patients with spastic dysarthria, according to Darley et al is:

A

Imprecise consonants.

38
Q

Uncontrollable crying or laughing that can accompany damage to the UMNs of the brainstem, caused by damage to the area of the brain that is important in inhibiting emotion is known as:

A

Pseudobulbar effect.

39
Q

What are possible causes of spastic dysarthria?

A

Stroke, ALS, TBI, MS.

40
Q

Name a feature that distinguishes spastic dysarthria from flaccid dysarthria:

A

Bilateral damage to UMNs

41
Q

What neuromuscular characteristic is consistent with spastic dysarthria?

A

Spasticity

42
Q

Damage to the indirect activation pathway (extrapyramidal system) is a cause of strained vocal quality in individuals with dysarthria.

A

True.

43
Q

Damage to indirect activation pathways result in increased muscle tone, spasicity, and over responses to reflexes.

A

True

44
Q

In spastic dysarthria, damages to the extrapyramidal system would result in weakness and reduced muscle tone for speech components.

A

False.

45
Q

In spastic dysarthria, we look for patterns of movement of the speech components instead of weakness for a specific muscle.

A

True

46
Q

Pseudobulbar affect is most commonly associated with ataxic dysarthria.

A

False

47
Q

Ataxic dysarthria is associated with damage to…

A

Cerebellum

48
Q

Patients with _____ dysarthria tend to present unsteady vowel prolongation.

A

Ataxic

49
Q

The cerebellum influences speech through…

A

the (cortico) cerebellar control circuit and indirect synapses to other cortical areas.

50
Q

The cerebellum is an important part of the motor system…

A

True

51
Q

The most prevalent speech error in ataxic dysarthria is…

A

imprecise consonant production.

52
Q

The movement deficits of timing, force, range, and direction are known as _______.

A

cerebellar ataxia

53
Q

Which systems of speech are most impacted by ataxic dysarthria?

A

Articulation and prosody

54
Q

Which type of dysarthria is characterized by irregular articulatory errors?

A

Ataxic

55
Q

Most prominent signs/symptoms of ataxic dysarthria are:

A

Articulation inaccuracy and scanning-like prosody.

Motor Speech Exam 1 (3 decks)

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