Quiz 1 Neuroanatomy review Flashcards
Apraxia of speech is characterized by muscle weakness.
FALSE
Bundles of axons, as found in the CNS, are called…
Tracts
Higher cognitive activities like language, motor planning, problem-solving and sensory perception are performed in…
The cerebral cortex
How many pairs of cranial nerves and spinal nerves are there in the PNS?
12 CNs and 31 SNs
It is believed that the ______ has an important role in refining slow/continuous movements whereas _______ is important for rapid movements and timing coordination of movements.
Basal ganglia; Cerebellum
Lack of dopamine would cause damage to the basal ganglia with excessive excitation, resulting in muscle rigidity, gait disturbance, and difficulty initiating movements.
True.
Representation of the tongue is located in the superior portion of the primary cortex.
False.
Spinal nerves are least important for speech production because they only provide innervation to the limbs.
False - important for respiration which is a part of speech.
The brainstem is inferior to the thalamus
True
The CNS consists of….
Brain and spinal cord.
The cerebellum play a role in motor programming.
True
Control circuits are responsible for integrating and controlling movement and don’t have direct synapses with the motor neurons in the brainstem.
True
The control circuits in the basal ganglia and cerebellum link the association cortex with the…
Primary cortex.
The Mayo approach of classifying dysarthria was based on perceptual and acoustic methods via neuroimaging studies.
False.
The nervous system is divided into the
CNS and PNS.
The primary motor cortex is located in the…..
Precentral gyrus.
Spinal nerves play an important role in speech production because they provide motor innervations for the muscles of ____.
Respiration.
The 3 primary components of neurons are:
Cell Body, Dendrites and axon.
What are the most important cells of the nervous system?
Neurons
What are the 6 CNs associated with speech production?
Trigeminal, Facial, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, and Hypoglossal
What CN’s neurons are closely integrated with those of the vagus nerve?
Accessory
What do dendrites do?
Recieve electrochemical impulses from other neurons or from sensory organs
What is the most important function of the cerebellum?
Coordinates voluntary movements, contracting muscles with correct force and at the appropriate time.
What neural structures are associated with motor programming?
Basal ganglia, cerebellum, premotor and association cortices.
What structures are parts of the control circuits?
Basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, and other subcortical structures.
Which CN has three branches, each having a special importance for speech production?
Vagus
Which CN is crucial for pitch change?
CN X - superior laryngeal branch
Which CN originates in the brainstem at the medulla and courses out of the pharynx, where it innervates the stylopharyngeus and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles, which help elevate and the opening of the upper pharynx?
Glossopharyngeal
Which lobe of the brain is the main executive center?
Frontal lobe
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex plays a major role in motor planning?
Frontal Lobe
The initial planning of a voluntary movement is formulated primarily in the association cortex
True
The primary cortex is an actual action commander
True.
What structures make up the basal ganglia?
Caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus
Which structure is described as a doorway through which the subcortical systems of the nervous system communicate with the cerebral cortex?
The thalamus
Which structure plays an important role in the initial planning of voluntary movements?
Association Cortex
With bilateral damage, what nerve can have serious effect on articulation because the pt. cannot raise their jaw sufficiently to produce most consonant and vowel phonemes, particularly those requiring bilabial, linguadental and linguopalatal contact.
Trigeminal
