QUIZ 2 PART 1 Flashcards
Institutionalized regionalism
Amending formula now: requires provincial equality -FMC: provincial equality -Senate 4 regional -Supreme Court Quebec Ontario West Atlantic
Underlying regionalism
socio-demographic differences -economic differences -history/govt activities/ formative events -provincial assertiveness attitudinal distinctiveness
Atlantic political culture
tradition conservative dependent alienation parochial
Forgotten about - left behind by the impulsive rush towards materialism in the rest of Canada - Bellamy
Only through govt favours that there is going to be economic progress
Ontario political culture
- Canadian nationalist
- progressive and conservative
- complacent/satisfied
- north distinct
Western Political Culture
- Western Alienation
- Populist
- Change oriented
- socialist
- rural myth
Western Alienation
Growing sense of frustration that federal policies and actions are being made w/o respect to constitutional divisions of authority, or even respected to the principle of cooperation
the feds have tried to work their way into areas of clear provincial responsibility
attitudinal basis of regionalism
regionalism within the political system reflects regional divisions within the underlying society has become less tenable over time
North
3 territories: Nunavut, NWT, Yukon
- limited constitutional status
- limited senate representation
- no Supreme Court or amendment rule
- distinctiveness
- distance and isolation
- rural
- aboriginal share of pop
Continentalism
Relations with U.S
- important factor in confederation
- ongoing issue of integration
- Robert Thompson “the U.S. is our best friend whether we like it or not
Relations with U.S: Economic
Economic
- trade
- investment & ownership
- financing
U.S Relations: cultural
proximity to border
US television
US popular culture
U.S Relations: Defense and Security
Defence from U.S
Security alliances
Border and immigration issues
Canada’s political environment: contemporary challenges
Aboriginal
Multiculturalism
Gender
Issues relating to indigenous peoples
Roots of over 40,000 years -4-5% of Canadian pop -First Nations, Inuit, Metis only 60% on reserves Indian Act: Nations had their own traditional governing structures and protocols
- elections held every 2 years
- The enforced European election process injected confusion and undermined and destroyed traditions
-Some maintained their hereditary chief tradition so have both hereditary and elected chiefs
Indian reserve
Exclusive use of an Indian band
Band members possess the right to live on reserve lands and band administrative and political structures are frequently located there
Reserve lands are not strictly “owned” by bands but are held in trust for bands by the crown
Pan Canadian Indigenous Organizations
Assembly of First nations (AFN)
Congress of Aboriginal peoples
Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (ITK)
Metis National Council
Native women’s association of Canada (NWAC)
Social and Economic Conditions
- Lower income
- Poverty rates increased
- Dependency on govt increased
- Education & grad rates decreased
- health below average
- incarceration rates above average
- Suicide increased
S.25
Guarantee of certain rights and freedoms shall not be constituted so as to abrogate or derogate from any aboriginal
S.35
Rights of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, the existing aboriginal and treaty rights of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada and hereby recognized and affirmed
1897 Meech Lake accord
Failure to deal with Aboriginal issues a reason for failure
was a series of proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada
Charlotte town Accord
was a package of proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada, proposed by the Canadian federal and provincial governments in 1992
framework of self govt
Aboriginal self govt
an aboriginal right to self govt would have been enshrined in the Canadian constitution
The accord=3rd order of govt analogous to the federal govt and the provinces
POGG - Peace, order, good, govt
Ongoing Issues
Land claims
- pipelines through indigenous territory
- traditional rights (hunting, fishing, forestry)
- Indigenous justice
- Self-govt
- political process
- govt negotiations
- court action
- direct action: Civil disobedience
Truth and reconciliation commission 2015: 6 yr project looking into legacy of residential schools
2008 apology for residential schools from PM
- goal was assimilation
- Interviews w/ more than 6500 witnesses
recommendations RCAP 1996: issues official admission of wrongs
the fed govt had done that w/ residential schools
recommendations RCAP 1996: : Recognize inherent right of Aboriginal self govt
nothing in the constitution that recognizes the right of the aboriginal
recommendations RCAP 1996: : dual citizenship for ind peoples
not just citizens
citizen plus- of Canada but also of an indigenous group
recommendations RCAP 1996:: advisory aboriginal parliament
elected by aboriginal people, and provide advice
recommendations RCAP 1996:: aboriginal participation in all constitutional talks
veto on changes
no proceed any further with trying to amend our constitution unless aboriginal people were included in discussions
recommendations RCAP 1996: : more $ for aboriginal programs
more $
most aboriginal reside in
Ontario
Multi-culturalism
non-dualistic of a country
-conclusion: we are a bilingual country but the notion that we are bilingual country was rejected
distinguish us from the U.S (melting pot)
foreign born
20%
visible minorities
22%
political underrepresentation
non europeans underrepresented in legislatures and govt
Historical restrictions
- voting
- immigration
constitutional recognition
1982 constitution act
s.15 - every ind has equal rights, protection, benefits
- subject to notwithstanding clause
s. 27 - preservation and enhancement of the multicultural heritage of Canadians
courts - not much willingness to use this as a mechanism to enforce multiculturalism and prevent discrimination
gender
- formal political equality
- political success
- higher the fewer: the rep of women declines as you go up the hierarchy
- gender gaps
Formal political equality
= right to vote
= right to run for office
= protection
s.28 notwithstanding - the rights and freedoms referred to in ti are guaranteed equally to male and female persons
political success
women more common in NDP and Bloc and Liberal real
- More common in hopeless ridings
- more common in minor parties
Structural barriers
Money
occupation dominated by women
domestic, part time
60% in clerical
Psychological barriers
social learning
sexual division of labor in household
sexism
women in legislatures
Highest in Quebec
Lowest in PEI
women are more
Progressive
political culture
broad pattern of values and attitudes that ind hold toward political objects
dimensions of political culture
orientations towards govt structures and processes
- legitimacy
- ideology
- trust
- efficacy
Source of Canadian pol culture
christianity dominant
- Protestantism with strong Catholicism as well
- large protestant - united church
- largest protestant in the US - baptist
settlement patterns/fragment theory
cultural baggage of immigrants
-settlers who arrived brought fragments of their culture with them, and those fragments have made impact on the political culture
Formative events
Major political events that have transformed how you think about politics
nature of economy
idea that a capitalist economy produces a liberal culture (ind and freedom = driving factor)
Geography
large country. has helped to develop regional sector
Canadian political culture
consensual -violence negative -FLQ democratic liberal -TORYISM, AND SOCIALISM -freedom of the ind, fear of the state spectator cynical
Toryism:
based on a British version of traditionalism and conservatism which upholds the supremacy of social order
