Quiz 2 Misc. - Sheet1

Question 1

How are pathogenicity islands acquired?

Answer 1

Horizontal gene transfer

Question 2

Characteristics of pathogenicity islands

Answer 2

Horizontal gene transfer
Unexpected G+C content
Phage/transposon genes
Non-native adjacent sequences
Encodevirulence factors

Question 3

Salmonella T3SS

Answer 3

Delivers toxins that induce membrane ruffling by stimulating actin polymerization and endocytosis

Question 4

T3SS

Answer 4

Specialized form of secretion
Protein moves across bacterial cytoplasmic and outer membrane AND across host cell membrane through an injection needle
Effector proteins delivered into host cell cytoplasm via secretion apparatus

Question 5

MacConkey/EMB

Answer 5

Demonstrates non-lactose fermentation

Question 6

Kliger Iron Agar

Answer 6

Demonstrates sugar fermentation, gas production, and H2S production

Question 7

Enteric bacteria

Answer 7

Salmonella
Shigella
E. coli

Question 8

Positive characteristics of E. coli

Answer 8

Part of normal microflora in newborns
Synthesizes vit. K
Protects against other pathogens

Question 9

Reasons gram-negagive opportunistic infections are increasing

Answer 9

1. Increased scope of surgery
2. Increased use of indwelling devices (i.e. catheters)
3. Increased capacity to sustain chronically ill
4. Increased use of interventials that affect immunity
5. Immunosuppression due to primary infection
6. Increased use of antibiotics

Question 10

Virulence factors that aid in G- opportunistic infections

Answer 10

LPS
Cell surface structures that aid in host surface colonization
Factors involved in host nutrient acquisition
Toxins and secreted enzymes

Question 11

Biofilm

Answer 11

Dense microbial communities surrounded by ECM
Associated with implant and catheter related infections
Implicated in chronic lung infections, endocarditis, and UTIs
Increased resistance to a range of antimicrobial agents

Question 12

Most common cause of G- infections

Answer 12

E. coli

Question 13

Normal flora E. coli can cause _____ while _____ are caused by specialized strains

Answer 13

UTIs, bacteremia, meningitis

GI infections

Question 14

Bacteriurial infection

Answer 14

One in which >10^5 bacterial/mL are present in urine

Question 15

Leading cause of nosocomial bacteremia

Answer 15

E. coli

Question 16

Two routes of E. coli entry to cause bacteremia

Answer 16

UTI

Indwelling devices

Question 17

Bacteremia is most often associated with UTI when …

Answer 17

urinary flow is obstructed

Question 18

Critical trait of bacteremic E. coli strains

Answer 18

Serum resistance

Question 19

Differences between typical/atypical pneumonia are based on

Answer 19

Antibiotic sensitivity
Localization within lung
Symptoms

Question 20

Toxoid

Answer 20

Formaldehyde treated toxin

Question 21

In which situations is a lumbar puncture indicated? What is the bacterial concern?

Answer 21

Fever in a neonate (group B Streptococcus or E. coli K1)
Patechial rash w/neurological symptoms (N. meningitidis)
Meningitis caused by H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae in children may be the most difficult to diagnose