Quiz 2 Material Flashcards
Orbits
Eye sockets
Anterior basal aperture
Holes between and below the orbits, the nose holes
External acoustic meati
Ear holes
Foramen magnum
Large oval hole in the base of the skull
Zygomatic arches
Thin bing bridges at the side of the skull
Skull
Entire bony framework of the head
Cranium
The skull without the mandible
Calvarium
Cranium without the face
Calotte
The calvaria without the base
Splanchnocranium
The facial skeleton
Neurocranium
The braincase
Extrasutural (wormian) bones
Irregular ossicles that occur along some sutures
Coronal sutures
Lies between the frontal and parietals
Sagittal sutures
Passes down the midline between the parietal bones
Lambdoid suture
Passes between the two parietals and the occipital
Squamous sutures
Unusual, scale like, beleveled sutures between temporal and parietal bones
Basiliar suture
Lies between the sphenoid and the occipital
Metopic suture
Passes between infused frontal haves and only rarely persists into adulthood
Frontal sinuses
Inside supercillary arch (above eyes)
Maxillary sinuses
Inside cheek bone (body of maxilla)
Sphenoidal sinus
Inside body of sphenoid bone
Ethmoidal sinus
Inside ethmoid bone
Superior Sagittal Sinus
Frontal, parietals, occipital
Transverse Sinuses
Occipital, parietal
Sigmoid Sinuses
Parietal, temporal
Zygomatic processes
Form the most lateral and anterior corners of the frontal
Superciliary arches
The bony tori over the orbits (the brows)
Superorbital Foramen/notch
are set along the medial half of the superior orbital rim. They transmit the supraorbital vessels and supraorbital nerve as they pass superiorly to the forehead region.
Frontal Crest
a midline crest confluent with the anterior end of the sagittal sulcus. This crest gives attachment to the falx cerebri, a strong membrane between the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain.
Orbital Plates
the horizontal portion of the frontal. Its endocranial surface is undulating (bumpy), conforming to the inferior surface of the frontal lobe. Its inferior surface (orbital surface) is smoother and concave.
Ethmoidal Notch
the gap separating the two orbital plates of the frontal. The ethmoid bone fills this notch in the articulated cranium.
Lacrimal Fossa
for the lacrimal glands, are found at the lateral, inferior parts of the orbital (inferior) surfaces of the frontal.
Frontal Sinus
generally anterior to the ethmoidal notch, extend for a variable distance between outer and inner bone tables of the frontal and sometimes penetrate the orbital plates.
Parietal Eminence
the large, rounded eminence centered on the ectocranial surface of the parietal. It marks the center of ossification of the bone.
Temporal Line
dominate the ectocranial surface, arching anteroposteriorly.
Middle Meningeal Grooves
middle meningeal arteries dominate the endocranial surface of the parietal. These arteries supply the dura mater. The most anterior branch parallels the coronal edge of the parietal, and most of the branches traverse the bone toward its occipital angle.
Sagittal Sulcus
made when the parietals are articulated and the shallow grooves along the sagittal edge of each parietal combine along the endocranial midline. This sulcus is a posterior continuation of the same feature on the frontal.
Parietal Foramen
located close to the sagittal suture near lambda. It transmits a small vein through the parietal to the superior sagittal sinus.
Parietal Striae
striations, or “rays,” that pass posterosuperiorly for some distance on the ectocranial surface of the parietal from their origin on its beveled squamous edge.
Basilar synchondrosis
Find Definition
Foramen magnum
is the large hole in the occipital through which the brainstem passes inferiorly into the vertebral canal.
External occipital protuberance
lies on the ectocranial midline where the occipital and nuchal planes meet. It is highly variable in appearance and heavier and more prominent in male individuals.
Occipital condyles
are raised oval structures on either side of the foramen magnum. Their inferior surfaces are convex. The articular surfaces of these condyles fit into the concave facets of the atlas vertebra.
Hypoglossal canal
tunnels through the anterior part of the base (therefore superior in placement) of each condyle. These canals give exit to hypoglossal nerves (cranial nerve 12) and entrance to arteries.
Condylar foramen
perforate the occipital at the depth of the condylar fossae, where each transmits an emissary vein.
Cerebral fossa
triangular depressions below the lambdoid suture on the endocranial surface of the occipital. They house the occipital lobes of the brain’s cerebrum.
Cerebellar fossa
occupy the inferior part of the endocranial surface of the occipital squama. Therein rest the cerebellar lobes of the brain.
Cruciform eminence
divides the endocranial surface of the occipital squama into four fossae. It is so named because it is cross-shaped.
Internal occipital protuberance
lies at the center of the cruciform eminence.
Internal occipital crest
the inferior arm of the cruciform eminence. Sometimes it bears a sulcus that continues on one or both sides of the foramen magnum.
Sagittal sulcus
passes superiorly from the internal occipital protuberance. It is a deep endocranial groove marking the posterior extension of the sagittal sinus, a major blood drainage pathway from the brain.
Transverse sulcus
form the transverse arms of the cruciform eminence. They house the transverse sinuses. The one on the right is usually larger and communicates directly with the sagittal sulcus. However, variations in the soft tissue and bony manifestations of this cranial venous drainage system are common and sometimes pronounced. The transverse sulcus of the occipital connects with the sigmoid sulcus of the temporal and endocranial jugular process, often via the transverse (or sigmoid) sulcus on the mastoid angle of the parietal.
Jugular process
laterally directed corners of the bone placed lateral to the condyles. The tips of these processes lie at the anteriormost point along the occipitomastoid suture.
Jugular Notch
excavated into the anterior surface of the jugular process. This notch forms the posterior half of the jugular foramen in the articulated cranium, with the anterior half being contributed by the temporal bone
Temporal squama
rises almost vertically to form the cranial walls and articulate with the parietals along the squamous suture.
Squamous (Squamosal) suture
unusual, scale-like, beveled sutures between temporal and parietal bones.
Mandibular (glenoid) fossa
lies posterosuperior to the articular eminence. The eminence and the fossa itself are bounded medially by the sphenosquamous suture. Inchewing, the condyle of the mandible moves anteriorly onto the eminence and posteriorly into the fossa as well as from side to side in actions at the TMJ. In life there is a fibrocartilaginous articular disk interposed between the mandibular condyle and the fossa.
Parietal notch
formed by the posterosuperior border of the temporal where the squamous and parietomastoid sutures meet.
External acoustic (auditory) meatus
the external opening of the ear canal, which passes anteromedially for about 2 cm. The inner end of the canal is closed by the tympanic membrane (eardrum) in the living individual.
Mastoid process
bears an external surface that is roughened for the attachment of several muscles. These muscles function in extension, flexion, and rotation of the head. The temporalis muscle may also attach in this region when the supramastoid crest is present on the mastoid area, as in some humans and many fossil hominids.
Mastoid notch/Digastric groove
attachment of the digastric muscle is the vertically oriented furrow medial to the mastoid process.
Petrous pyramid
the massive, dense bony part that dominates the endocranial aspect of the temporal. The sharp superior edge of the endocranial petrous surface angles anteromedially, separating the temporal and occipital lobes of the brain and housing the internal ear. The petrous is wedged between the occipital and the sphenoid.
Internal acoustic (auditory) meatus
Find definition
Sigmoid sulcus
the large, curving groove set at the posterior base of the petrous pyramid on the endocranial surface of the mastoid part of the temporal bone. This sulcus houses the sigmoid sinus, an anteroinferior extension of the transverse sinus, which is a major vessel draining blood from the brain into the internal jugular vein.
Styloid process
a thin, pointed bony rod that points anteroinferiorly from the base of the temporal bone. It is a slender projection of variable length and is fragile and often broken or missing (as on the illustrated specimen, where its distal end has snapped off).
Stylomastoid foramen
located immediately posterior to the base of the styloid process, is for the exit of the facial nerve (cranial nerve 7) and the entrance of the stylomastoid artery.
Jugular fossa
located just medial to the base of the styloid process. This deep fossa houses the bulb of the internal jugular vein, a vessel that drains blood from the head and neck.
Carotid canal
is a large circular canal that transmits the internal carotid artery, a major source of blood for the head, and the carotid plexus of nerves. It is situated medial to the styloid process at the level of the sphenosquamous suture, just anterior to the jugular fossa.
Tympanic plate
of the temporal lies posterior to the TMJ. Its anterior surface, forming the rear wall of the mandibular fossa, is nonarticular.
Malleus
The hammer
Incus
The anvil
Stapes
Stirrup
