Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Pt Assessment: Hewitt > Quiz 2 - Lab Values/Blood Cells > Flashcards

Quiz 2 - Lab Values/Blood Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following are reasons clinical labs are performed?

I. Evaluate general health/baseline
II. Identify organ dysfunction
III. Detect infection
IV. Make care plan and monitor effectiveness

A

All of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Clinical biochemistry:

a. analyzes cellular components of blood
b. analyzes urine, blood, and bodily fluids
c. analyzes blood and bodily fluids for infectious agents
d. analyzes tissue for diagnosing disease

A

b. analyzes urine, blood, and bodily fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Clinical microbiology:

a. analyzes cellular components of blood
b. analyzes urine, blood, and bodily fluids
c. analyzes blood and bodily fluids for infectious agents
d. analyzes tissue for diagnosing disease

A

c. analyzes blood and bodily fluids for infectious agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hematology:

a. analyzes cellular components of blood
b. analyzes urine, blood, and bodily fluids
c. analyzes blood and bodily fluids for infectious agents
d. analyzes tissue for diagnosing disease

A

a. analyzes cellular components of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anatomic pathology:

a. analyzes cellular components of blood
b. analyzes urine, blood, and bodily fluids
c. analyzes blood and bodily fluids for infectious agents
d. analyzes tissue for diagnosing disease

A

d. analyzes tissue for diagnosing disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The reference range for patients takes into account variations related to:

I. age
II. height
III. gender
IV. race
V. ethnicity

A

I, III, IV, and V — all except height!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F: Critical results are significantly outside of normal range and may represent pathophysiologic conditions or a life threatening situation.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F: You must always report critical results to a doctor, even if they were expecting it.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Plasma is ___% of blood.

A

55% – sits on top of vial

Mostly water, ions (electrolytes), proteins, hormones + lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Formed elements make up ___% of blood.

A

45%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do the formed elements consist of?

I. Basophils
II. Erythrocytes
III. Leukocytes
IV. Thrombocytes

A

II, III, IV — All except Basophils.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F: Thrombocytes are otherwise known as platelets.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Plasma with coagulation factors removed and contain antibodies:

A

Blood serum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F: Blood can assist in repairing its own vessels.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Determines the number of circulating red and white blood cells:

A

Complete Blood Cell Count (CBC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Made up of five different types of cells reported under the differential:

a. leukocytes
b. thrombocytes
c. erythrocytes
d. eosinophils

A

a. leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Evaluated for size and hemoglobin content (Hb + Hct):

a. leukocytes
b. thrombocytes
c. erythrocytes
d. eosinophils

A

c. erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Evaluated by the number present:

a. leukocytes
b. thrombocytes
c. erythrocytes
d. eosinophils

A

b. thrombocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

High WBC is:

a. leukocytosis
b. leukopenia

A

a. leukocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Low WBC is:

a. leukocytosis
b. leukopenia

A

b. leukopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Infection, stress, trauma can all cause…

a. leukopenia
b. leukocytosis

A

b. leukocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

T/F: Severe infection with mild leukocytosis may represent poor prognosis.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Overwhelming infections and when immune system is depressed due to disease or chemotherapy. Example would be leukemia.

a. leukocytosis
b. leukopenia

A

b. leukopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In healthy individuals, _____ and _____ make up the majority of the WBC count.

A

Neutrophils and lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Mature neutrophils are called:

A

Segs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The normal life span of a neutrophil is about:

a. 48 hours
b. 5 days
c. 10 days
d. 20 days

A

c. 10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

T/F: Elevated bands and segs means the patient is most likely experiencing a more severe infection

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which of the following are increased with allergic reactions and parasitic infections?

a. basophils
b. neutrophils
c. eosinophils
d. monocytes

A

c. eosinophils

Increased with allergic reactions and parasitic infections
Called Eosinophilia
*Major role in allergic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which of the following are increased by allergic reactions but only play a minor role in allergic reactions?

a. basophils
b. neutrophils
c. eosinophils
d. monocytes

A

a. basophils

Relative Value: 0% to 1% of the WBCs
Increased with allergic reactions
Called Basophilia
Minor role in allergic reactions

30
Q

Lymphocytes are increased with which of the following type of infections?

I. Viral
II. Fungal
III. Bacterial
IV. TB

A

I, II, and IV

Viral, fungal, and TB.

Bacterial is not included.

31
Q

What causes a reduction in lymphocytes?

A

Immunodeficiency problems

32
Q

T cells attack _____ while B cells attack ______.

a. good cells, bad cells
b. infected cells, infected cells
c. invaders outside the cells, infected cells
d. infected cells, invaders outside the cells

A

T cells attack infected cells, B cells attack invaders outside the cells.

33
Q

Abnormalities with increased invasion of foreign material effects which WBC? Hint: The largest of the differential WBC.

a. monocytes
b. lymphocytes
c. eosinophils
d. neutrophils

A

a. monocytes

In the lung, the monocyte converts to a macrophage - clearing the lung of inhaled dusts through phagocytosis

34
Q

Abnormal increase in the circulating WBCs:

A

Leukocytosis

35
Q

An increase in leukocytes due to the increase in neutrophils is called:

A

Neutrophilia

When bone marrow is stimulated to release and produce additional neutrophils, immature version (bands) are also released
Bands normally make up a very small percentage of circulating cells (0% - 6%)

36
Q

An abnormal decrease in WBCs is called:

A

Leukopenia

37
Q

A drop in leukocytes that is due to a decrease in neutrophils is called:

A

Neutropenia

38
Q

Usually seen in viral infections, especially mononucleosis:

a. monocytosis
b. lymphocytopenia
c. lymphocytosis
d. leukocytosis

A

c. lymphocytosis

an increase in lymphocytes

39
Q

Usually seen in acquired and congenital immune deficiency states, an important feature of HIV infection:

a. monocytosis
b. lymphocytopenia
c. lymphocytosis
d. leukocytosis

A

b. lymphocytopenia

a decrease in lymphocytes

40
Q

Usually seen in chronic infections such as tuberculosis, may occur in inflammatory conditions and autoimmune states:

a. monocytosis
b. lymphocytopenia
c. lymphocytosis
d. leukocytosis

A

a. monocytosis

an increase in monocytes

41
Q

T/F: Malignant WBCs that involve bone marrow and peripheral blood are called leukemias.

A

True

Hematologic malignancies or neoplasms occur due to mutations in the stem cell that disrupt the normal blood development process

42
Q

The most immature stage of a cell type are called:

a. blasts
b. segs
c. mitosis
d. meiosis

A

a. blasts

In acute leukemia, an increase in blasts is a key feature of WBC differential
RBCs and platelets will be decreased

43
Q

Where are erythrocytes produced in the body?

a. blood
b. bone marrow
c. lymphatic system
d. muscle tissue

A

b. bone marrow

44
Q

Red blood cells have a life span of ____ days.

A

120 days

45
Q

T/F: WBCs do not marginate into the tissues, while RBCs do.

A

False

RBCs do not marginate into the tissues like WBCs do.

46
Q

What is the primary function of RBC?

A

To carry oxygen to the tissues with the help of hemoglobin

47
Q

The main component of RBC is:

A

Hemoglobin

48
Q

The ratio of RBC volume to that of whole blood is called:

A

Hematocrit (Hct)

Males 40-52%
Females 35-47%

49
Q

T/F: Hemoglobin is important for maintaining pH.

A

True

Important for maintaining pH by carrying CO2 from the tissues to the lungs

50
Q

The recommended threshold for blood transfusion is a hemoglobin of ___ g/dL or hematocrit of ___%.

A

7.0 g/dL, 21%

51
Q

Most common anemia is the result of:

A

Iron deficiency

52
Q

When RBCs lack adequate hemoglobin, they are described as:

A

Hypochronic

53
Q

T/F: Anemia is when there is a low RBC count, while hypochronic is when RBCs lack adequate hemoglobin.

A

True

54
Q

Chronic hypoxia, or living in a high elevation, can cause:

A

Polycythemia

55
Q

T/F: Platelets cause clotting.

A

True

56
Q

Normal platelet count is:

a. 100,000 - 200,000/mcl of blood
b. 200,000 - 400,000/mcl of blood
c. 150,000 - 400,000/mcl of blood
d. 100,000 - 250,000/mcl of blood

A

c. 150,000 - 400,000/mcl of blood

anything lower than this will take longer to clot
critical value < 25,000/mcl
mcl = microliter

57
Q

Which coagulation study is this? Assesses clotting factors in the intrinsic and common pathways by measuring the length of time required for plasma to form a fibrin clot. Helps monitor IV Heparin therapy:

a. APTT: Partial thromboplastin time
b. PT/INR
c. Platelet count
d. D-dimer

A

a. APTT: Partial thromboplastin time

Normal 25-35 seconds, longer APTT indicates higher likelihood of bleeding

58
Q

Which coagulation study is this? Assesses clotting factors in the extrinsic and common pathways:

a. APTT: Partial thromboplastin time
b. PT/INR
c. Prothrombin Time (PT)
d. D-dimer

A

c. Prothrombin Time (PT)

59
Q

Which coagulation study is this? Standardizes PT test results between labs. Used for monitoring Warfarin (Coumadin) therapy:

a. APTT: Partial thromboplastin time
b. PT/INR
c. Prothrombin Time (PT)
d. D-dimer

A

b. PT/INR

5.0 indicates high likelihood for bleeding, 0.5 indicates tendency toward increased clotting

Normal = 0.8 - 1.2

60
Q

Plasma is __%

A

55%

61
Q

Formed elements or “cells” are __%

A

45%

62
Q

What cells are apart of the formed elements?

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes

63
Q

Plasma with coagulation factors removed:

A

Blood serum (contains antibodies)

64
Q

Which of the following are WBC (leukocytes)?

I. neutrophils
II. lymphocytes
III. basophils
IV. eosinophils
V. monocytes

A

I, II, III, IV, and V

All of the above

65
Q

T/F: Neutrophils make up the majority of WBC count

A

True, along with lymphocytes

66
Q

Neutrophils make up __% to __% of total WBC count

A

40% to 75%

67
Q

T/F: Bands are immature basophils.

A

False

Bands are immature NEUTROPHILS.

68
Q

Neutrophils are increased with _____ infections, while they are decreased with ____ diseases.

A

Bacterial, bone marrow

69
Q

Eosinophils are __% to __% of WBCs

A

0% to 6%

70
Q

Eosinophils are increased with:

A

Allergic reactions & parasitic infections

71
Q

Basophils are __% to __% of WBCs

A

0% to 1%

72
Q

Basophils play a minor role in infections, while eosinophils play a major role.

A

True

Basophils still play a role in infections

Advanced Pt Assessment: Hewitt (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions