Quiz 2 - Lab Values/Blood Cells Flashcards by Melinda Guzman

Which of the following are reasons clinical labs are performed?

I. Evaluate general health/baseline
II. Identify organ dysfunction
III. Detect infection
IV. Make care plan and monitor effectiveness

All of the above

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Clinical biochemistry:

a. analyzes cellular components of blood
b. analyzes urine, blood, and bodily fluids
c. analyzes blood and bodily fluids for infectious agents
d. analyzes tissue for diagnosing disease

b. analyzes urine, blood, and bodily fluids

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Clinical microbiology:

a. analyzes cellular components of blood
b. analyzes urine, blood, and bodily fluids
c. analyzes blood and bodily fluids for infectious agents
d. analyzes tissue for diagnosing disease

c. analyzes blood and bodily fluids for infectious agents

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Hematology:

a. analyzes cellular components of blood
b. analyzes urine, blood, and bodily fluids
c. analyzes blood and bodily fluids for infectious agents
d. analyzes tissue for diagnosing disease

a. analyzes cellular components of blood

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Anatomic pathology:

a. analyzes cellular components of blood
b. analyzes urine, blood, and bodily fluids
c. analyzes blood and bodily fluids for infectious agents
d. analyzes tissue for diagnosing disease

d. analyzes tissue for diagnosing disease

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The reference range for patients takes into account variations related to:

I. age
II. height
III. gender
IV. race
V. ethnicity

I, III, IV, and V — all except height!

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T/F: Critical results are significantly outside of normal range and may represent pathophysiologic conditions or a life threatening situation.

True

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T/F: You must always report critical results to a doctor, even if they were expecting it.

True

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Plasma is ___% of blood.

55% – sits on top of vial

Mostly water, ions (electrolytes), proteins, hormones + lipids

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Formed elements make up ___% of blood.

45%

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What do the formed elements consist of?

I. Basophils
II. Erythrocytes
III. Leukocytes
IV. Thrombocytes

II, III, IV — All except Basophils.

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T/F: Thrombocytes are otherwise known as platelets.

True

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Plasma with coagulation factors removed and contain antibodies:

Blood serum

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T/F: Blood can assist in repairing its own vessels.

True

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Determines the number of circulating red and white blood cells:

Complete Blood Cell Count (CBC)

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Made up of five different types of cells reported under the differential:

a. leukocytes
b. thrombocytes
c. erythrocytes
d. eosinophils

a. leukocytes

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Evaluated for size and hemoglobin content (Hb + Hct):

a. leukocytes
b. thrombocytes
c. erythrocytes
d. eosinophils

c. erythrocytes

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Evaluated by the number present:

a. leukocytes
b. thrombocytes
c. erythrocytes
d. eosinophils

b. thrombocytes

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High WBC is:

a. leukocytosis
b. leukopenia

a. leukocytosis

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Low WBC is:

a. leukocytosis
b. leukopenia

b. leukopenia

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Infection, stress, trauma can all cause…

a. leukopenia
b. leukocytosis

b. leukocytosis

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T/F: Severe infection with mild leukocytosis may represent poor prognosis.

True

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Overwhelming infections and when immune system is depressed due to disease or chemotherapy. Example would be leukemia.

a. leukocytosis
b. leukopenia

b. leukopenia

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In healthy individuals, _____ and _____ make up the majority of the WBC count.

Neutrophils and lymphocytes

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Mature neutrophils are called:

Segs

The normal life span of a neutrophil is about: a. 48 hours b. 5 days c. 10 days d. 20 days

c. 10 days

T/F: Elevated bands and segs means the patient is most likely experiencing a more severe infection

True

Which of the following are increased with allergic reactions and parasitic infections? a. basophils b. neutrophils c. eosinophils d. monocytes

c. eosinophils Increased with allergic reactions and parasitic infections Called Eosinophilia *Major role in allergic reactions

Which of the following are increased by allergic reactions but only play a minor role in allergic reactions? a. basophils b. neutrophils c. eosinophils d. monocytes

a. basophils Relative Value: 0% to 1% of the WBCs Increased with allergic reactions Called Basophilia Minor role in allergic reactions

Lymphocytes are increased with which of the following type of infections? I. Viral II. Fungal III. Bacterial IV. TB

I, II, and IV Viral, fungal, and TB. Bacterial is not included.

What causes a reduction in lymphocytes?

Immunodeficiency problems

T cells attack _____ while B cells attack ______. a. good cells, bad cells b. infected cells, infected cells c. invaders outside the cells, infected cells d. infected cells, invaders outside the cells

T cells attack infected cells, B cells attack invaders outside the cells.

Abnormalities with increased invasion of foreign material effects which WBC? Hint: The largest of the differential WBC. a. monocytes b. lymphocytes c. eosinophils d. neutrophils

a. monocytes In the lung, the monocyte converts to a macrophage - clearing the lung of inhaled dusts through phagocytosis

Abnormal increase in the circulating WBCs:

Leukocytosis

An increase in leukocytes due to the increase in neutrophils is called:

Neutrophilia When bone marrow is stimulated to release and produce additional neutrophils, immature version (bands) are also released Bands normally make up a very small percentage of circulating cells (0% - 6%)

An abnormal decrease in WBCs is called:

Leukopenia

A drop in leukocytes that is due to a decrease in neutrophils is called:

Neutropenia

Usually seen in viral infections, especially mononucleosis: a. monocytosis b. lymphocytopenia c. lymphocytosis d. leukocytosis

c. lymphocytosis an increase in lymphocytes

Usually seen in acquired and congenital immune deficiency states, an important feature of HIV infection: a. monocytosis b. lymphocytopenia c. lymphocytosis d. leukocytosis

b. lymphocytopenia a decrease in lymphocytes

Usually seen in chronic infections such as tuberculosis, may occur in inflammatory conditions and autoimmune states: a. monocytosis b. lymphocytopenia c. lymphocytosis d. leukocytosis

a. monocytosis an increase in monocytes

T/F: Malignant WBCs that involve bone marrow and peripheral blood are called leukemias.

True Hematologic malignancies or neoplasms occur due to mutations in the stem cell that disrupt the normal blood development process

The most immature stage of a cell type are called: a. blasts b. segs c. mitosis d. meiosis

a. blasts In acute leukemia, an increase in blasts is a key feature of WBC differential RBCs and platelets will be decreased

Where are erythrocytes produced in the body? a. blood b. bone marrow c. lymphatic system d. muscle tissue

b. bone marrow

Red blood cells have a life span of ____ days.

120 days

T/F: WBCs do not marginate into the tissues, while RBCs do.

False RBCs do not marginate into the tissues like WBCs do.

What is the primary function of RBC?

To carry oxygen to the tissues with the help of hemoglobin

The main component of RBC is:

Hemoglobin

The ratio of RBC volume to that of whole blood is called:

Hematocrit (Hct) Males 40-52% Females 35-47%

T/F: Hemoglobin is important for maintaining pH.

True Important for maintaining pH by carrying CO2 from the tissues to the lungs

The recommended threshold for blood transfusion is a hemoglobin of ___ g/dL or hematocrit of ___%.

7.0 g/dL, 21%

Most common anemia is the result of:

Iron deficiency

When RBCs lack adequate hemoglobin, they are described as:

Hypochronic

T/F: Anemia is when there is a low RBC count, while hypochronic is when RBCs lack adequate hemoglobin.

True

Chronic hypoxia, or living in a high elevation, can cause:

Polycythemia

T/F: Platelets cause clotting.

True

Normal platelet count is: a. 100,000 - 200,000/mcl of blood b. 200,000 - 400,000/mcl of blood c. 150,000 - 400,000/mcl of blood d. 100,000 - 250,000/mcl of blood

c. 150,000 - 400,000/mcl of blood anything lower than this will take longer to clot critical value < 25,000/mcl mcl = microliter

Which coagulation study is this? Assesses clotting factors in the intrinsic and common pathways by measuring the length of time required for plasma to form a fibrin clot. Helps monitor IV Heparin therapy: a. APTT: Partial thromboplastin time b. PT/INR c. Platelet count d. D-dimer

a. APTT: Partial thromboplastin time Normal 25-35 seconds, longer APTT indicates higher likelihood of bleeding

Which coagulation study is this? Assesses clotting factors in the extrinsic and common pathways: a. APTT: Partial thromboplastin time b. PT/INR c. Prothrombin Time (PT) d. D-dimer

c. Prothrombin Time (PT)

Which coagulation study is this? Standardizes PT test results between labs. Used for monitoring Warfarin (Coumadin) therapy: a. APTT: Partial thromboplastin time b. PT/INR c. Prothrombin Time (PT) d. D-dimer

b. PT/INR 5.0 indicates high likelihood for bleeding, 0.5 indicates tendency toward increased clotting Normal = 0.8 - 1.2

Plasma is __%

55%

Formed elements or "cells" are __%

45%

What cells are apart of the formed elements?

Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes

Plasma with coagulation factors removed:

Blood serum (contains antibodies)

Which of the following are WBC (leukocytes)? I. neutrophils II. lymphocytes III. basophils IV. eosinophils V. monocytes

I, II, III, IV, and V All of the above

T/F: Neutrophils make up the majority of WBC count

True, along with lymphocytes

Neutrophils make up __% to __% of total WBC count

40% to 75%

T/F: Bands are immature basophils.

False Bands are immature NEUTROPHILS.

Neutrophils are increased with _____ infections, while they are decreased with ____ diseases.

Bacterial, bone marrow

Eosinophils are __% to __% of WBCs

0% to 6%

Eosinophils are increased with:

Allergic reactions & parasitic infections

Basophils are __% to __% of WBCs

0% to 1%

Basophils play a minor role in infections, while eosinophils play a major role.

True Basophils still play a role in infections