Quiz 2 - Lab Values/Blood Cells Flashcards
Which of the following are reasons clinical labs are performed?
I. Evaluate general health/baseline
II. Identify organ dysfunction
III. Detect infection
IV. Make care plan and monitor effectiveness
All of the above
Clinical biochemistry:
a. analyzes cellular components of blood
b. analyzes urine, blood, and bodily fluids
c. analyzes blood and bodily fluids for infectious agents
d. analyzes tissue for diagnosing disease
b. analyzes urine, blood, and bodily fluids
Clinical microbiology:
a. analyzes cellular components of blood
b. analyzes urine, blood, and bodily fluids
c. analyzes blood and bodily fluids for infectious agents
d. analyzes tissue for diagnosing disease
c. analyzes blood and bodily fluids for infectious agents
Hematology:
a. analyzes cellular components of blood
b. analyzes urine, blood, and bodily fluids
c. analyzes blood and bodily fluids for infectious agents
d. analyzes tissue for diagnosing disease
a. analyzes cellular components of blood
Anatomic pathology:
a. analyzes cellular components of blood
b. analyzes urine, blood, and bodily fluids
c. analyzes blood and bodily fluids for infectious agents
d. analyzes tissue for diagnosing disease
d. analyzes tissue for diagnosing disease
The reference range for patients takes into account variations related to:
I. age
II. height
III. gender
IV. race
V. ethnicity
I, III, IV, and V — all except height!
T/F: Critical results are significantly outside of normal range and may represent pathophysiologic conditions or a life threatening situation.
True
T/F: You must always report critical results to a doctor, even if they were expecting it.
True
Plasma is ___% of blood.
55% – sits on top of vial
Mostly water, ions (electrolytes), proteins, hormones + lipids
Formed elements make up ___% of blood.
45%
What do the formed elements consist of?
I. Basophils
II. Erythrocytes
III. Leukocytes
IV. Thrombocytes
II, III, IV — All except Basophils.
T/F: Thrombocytes are otherwise known as platelets.
True
Plasma with coagulation factors removed and contain antibodies:
Blood serum
T/F: Blood can assist in repairing its own vessels.
True
Determines the number of circulating red and white blood cells:
Complete Blood Cell Count (CBC)
Made up of five different types of cells reported under the differential:
a. leukocytes
b. thrombocytes
c. erythrocytes
d. eosinophils
a. leukocytes
Evaluated for size and hemoglobin content (Hb + Hct):
a. leukocytes
b. thrombocytes
c. erythrocytes
d. eosinophils
c. erythrocytes
Evaluated by the number present:
a. leukocytes
b. thrombocytes
c. erythrocytes
d. eosinophils
b. thrombocytes
High WBC is:
a. leukocytosis
b. leukopenia
a. leukocytosis
Low WBC is:
a. leukocytosis
b. leukopenia
b. leukopenia
Infection, stress, trauma can all cause…
a. leukopenia
b. leukocytosis
b. leukocytosis
T/F: Severe infection with mild leukocytosis may represent poor prognosis.
True
Overwhelming infections and when immune system is depressed due to disease or chemotherapy. Example would be leukemia.
a. leukocytosis
b. leukopenia
b. leukopenia
In healthy individuals, _____ and _____ make up the majority of the WBC count.
Neutrophils and lymphocytes
Mature neutrophils are called:
Segs
The normal life span of a neutrophil is about:
a. 48 hours
b. 5 days
c. 10 days
d. 20 days
c. 10 days
T/F: Elevated bands and segs means the patient is most likely experiencing a more severe infection
True
Which of the following are increased with allergic reactions and parasitic infections?
a. basophils
b. neutrophils
c. eosinophils
d. monocytes
c. eosinophils
Increased with allergic reactions and parasitic infections
Called Eosinophilia
*Major role in allergic reactions
Which of the following are increased by allergic reactions but only play a minor role in allergic reactions?
a. basophils
b. neutrophils
c. eosinophils
d. monocytes
a. basophils
Relative Value: 0% to 1% of the WBCs
Increased with allergic reactions
Called Basophilia
Minor role in allergic reactions
Lymphocytes are increased with which of the following type of infections?
I. Viral
II. Fungal
III. Bacterial
IV. TB
I, II, and IV
Viral, fungal, and TB.
Bacterial is not included.
What causes a reduction in lymphocytes?
Immunodeficiency problems
T cells attack _____ while B cells attack ______.
a. good cells, bad cells
b. infected cells, infected cells
c. invaders outside the cells, infected cells
d. infected cells, invaders outside the cells
T cells attack infected cells, B cells attack invaders outside the cells.
Abnormalities with increased invasion of foreign material effects which WBC? Hint: The largest of the differential WBC.
a. monocytes
b. lymphocytes
c. eosinophils
d. neutrophils
a. monocytes
In the lung, the monocyte converts to a macrophage - clearing the lung of inhaled dusts through phagocytosis
Abnormal increase in the circulating WBCs:
Leukocytosis
An increase in leukocytes due to the increase in neutrophils is called:
Neutrophilia
When bone marrow is stimulated to release and produce additional neutrophils, immature version (bands) are also released
Bands normally make up a very small percentage of circulating cells (0% - 6%)
An abnormal decrease in WBCs is called:
Leukopenia
A drop in leukocytes that is due to a decrease in neutrophils is called:
Neutropenia
Usually seen in viral infections, especially mononucleosis:
a. monocytosis
b. lymphocytopenia
c. lymphocytosis
d. leukocytosis
c. lymphocytosis
an increase in lymphocytes
Usually seen in acquired and congenital immune deficiency states, an important feature of HIV infection:
a. monocytosis
b. lymphocytopenia
c. lymphocytosis
d. leukocytosis
b. lymphocytopenia
a decrease in lymphocytes
Usually seen in chronic infections such as tuberculosis, may occur in inflammatory conditions and autoimmune states:
a. monocytosis
b. lymphocytopenia
c. lymphocytosis
d. leukocytosis
a. monocytosis
an increase in monocytes
T/F: Malignant WBCs that involve bone marrow and peripheral blood are called leukemias.
True
Hematologic malignancies or neoplasms occur due to mutations in the stem cell that disrupt the normal blood development process
The most immature stage of a cell type are called:
a. blasts
b. segs
c. mitosis
d. meiosis
a. blasts
In acute leukemia, an increase in blasts is a key feature of WBC differential
RBCs and platelets will be decreased
Where are erythrocytes produced in the body?
a. blood
b. bone marrow
c. lymphatic system
d. muscle tissue
b. bone marrow
Red blood cells have a life span of ____ days.
120 days
T/F: WBCs do not marginate into the tissues, while RBCs do.
False
RBCs do not marginate into the tissues like WBCs do.
What is the primary function of RBC?
To carry oxygen to the tissues with the help of hemoglobin
The main component of RBC is:
Hemoglobin
The ratio of RBC volume to that of whole blood is called:
Hematocrit (Hct)
Males 40-52%
Females 35-47%
T/F: Hemoglobin is important for maintaining pH.
True
Important for maintaining pH by carrying CO2 from the tissues to the lungs
The recommended threshold for blood transfusion is a hemoglobin of ___ g/dL or hematocrit of ___%.
7.0 g/dL, 21%
Most common anemia is the result of:
Iron deficiency
When RBCs lack adequate hemoglobin, they are described as:
Hypochronic
T/F: Anemia is when there is a low RBC count, while hypochronic is when RBCs lack adequate hemoglobin.
True
Chronic hypoxia, or living in a high elevation, can cause:
Polycythemia
T/F: Platelets cause clotting.
True
Normal platelet count is:
a. 100,000 - 200,000/mcl of blood
b. 200,000 - 400,000/mcl of blood
c. 150,000 - 400,000/mcl of blood
d. 100,000 - 250,000/mcl of blood
c. 150,000 - 400,000/mcl of blood
anything lower than this will take longer to clot
critical value < 25,000/mcl
mcl = microliter
Which coagulation study is this? Assesses clotting factors in the intrinsic and common pathways by measuring the length of time required for plasma to form a fibrin clot. Helps monitor IV Heparin therapy:
a. APTT: Partial thromboplastin time
b. PT/INR
c. Platelet count
d. D-dimer
a. APTT: Partial thromboplastin time
Normal 25-35 seconds, longer APTT indicates higher likelihood of bleeding
Which coagulation study is this? Assesses clotting factors in the extrinsic and common pathways:
a. APTT: Partial thromboplastin time
b. PT/INR
c. Prothrombin Time (PT)
d. D-dimer
c. Prothrombin Time (PT)
Which coagulation study is this? Standardizes PT test results between labs. Used for monitoring Warfarin (Coumadin) therapy:
a. APTT: Partial thromboplastin time
b. PT/INR
c. Prothrombin Time (PT)
d. D-dimer
b. PT/INR
5.0 indicates high likelihood for bleeding, 0.5 indicates tendency toward increased clotting
Normal = 0.8 - 1.2
Plasma is __%
55%
Formed elements or “cells” are __%
45%
What cells are apart of the formed elements?
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
Plasma with coagulation factors removed:
Blood serum (contains antibodies)
Which of the following are WBC (leukocytes)?
I. neutrophils
II. lymphocytes
III. basophils
IV. eosinophils
V. monocytes
I, II, III, IV, and V
All of the above
T/F: Neutrophils make up the majority of WBC count
True, along with lymphocytes
Neutrophils make up __% to __% of total WBC count
40% to 75%
T/F: Bands are immature basophils.
False
Bands are immature NEUTROPHILS.
Neutrophils are increased with _____ infections, while they are decreased with ____ diseases.
Bacterial, bone marrow
Eosinophils are __% to __% of WBCs
0% to 6%
Eosinophils are increased with:
Allergic reactions & parasitic infections
Basophils are __% to __% of WBCs
0% to 1%
Basophils play a minor role in infections, while eosinophils play a major role.
True
Basophils still play a role in infections
