Quiz 1 Flashcards
Your patient tells you they’ve been restless and short of breath whenever they walk from the garage to their front door. This information falls into which category?
a. subjective
b. objective
c. assessment
d. plan
a. subjective
While assessing your patient you discover crackles, low spO2, and a wet cough. This information falls into which category?
a. subjective
b. objective
c. assessment
d. plan
b. objective
Your patient tells you they feel a sensation of discomfort whenever they breath. They describe it as feeling “short-winded” and “feeling of suffocation.” What symptom are they experiencing?
a. breathlessness
b. dyspnea
c. orthopnea
d. platypnea
b. dyspnea
Your patient tells you they feel a sensation of an unpleasant urge to breath. They feel like they are gasping for air. These symptoms best describe:
a. breathlessness
b. dyspnea
c. orthopnea
d. platypnea
a. breathlessness
Normal range and rhythm of 12-20 breaths/min with moderate depth. This is describing:
a. apnea
b. hyperpnea
c. cheyne-stokes
d. eupnea
d. eupnea
Regular rhythm with fewer than 12 breaths/min. This describes:
a. bradycardia
b. tachypnea
c. hypoventilation
d. bradypnea
d. bradypnea
Regular rhythm with more than 20 breaths/min describes:
a. bradycardia
b. tachypnea
c. hypoventilation
d. bradypnea
b. tachypnea
An absence of breathing that leads to respiratory arrest or death describes:
a. apnea
b. hypoventilation
c. bradypnea
d. biot’s respirations
a. apnea
Increased rate and depth of respiration best describes:
a. apnea
b. hypoventilation
c. hyperpnea
d. biot’s respirations
c. hyperpnea
Decreased rate and depth that decreases alveolar ventilation and increased paCO2, best describes:
a. bradycardia
b. tachypnea
c. hypoventilation
d. bradypnea
c. hypoventilation
Hypoventilation can lead to:
a. respiratory alkalosis
b. respiratory acidosis
c. metabolic acidosis
d. metabolic alkalosis
b. respiratory acidosis
Hypoventilation: decreased rate and depth. Decreasing alveolar ventilation, leading to increased PaCO2 > 40 torr + ph <7.40
Increased rate and depth, which increases alveolar ventilation and leads to a ↓ PaCO2, best describes:
a. bradycardia
b. tachypnea
c. hypoventilation
d. hyperventilation
d. hyperventilation
Hyperventilation can lead to:
a. respiratory alkalosis
b. respiratory acidosis
c. metabolic acidosis
d. metabolic alkalosis
a. respiratory alkalosis
Blowing off too much CO2. Hyperventilation: Increased rate and depth, which increases alveolar ventilation and leads to a ↓ PaCO2< 40 torr, pH > 7.40
Respirations become faster and deeper, then slower and shallower with a period of apnea. This describes:
a. Cheyne-stokes
b. Biot’s
c. Kussmauls
d. Hyperventilation
a. Cheyne-stokes
Associated with neurological disorders and CHF.
Deep and fast breathing with continued hyperpnea best describes:
a. Cheyne-stokes
b. Biot’s
c. Kussmauls
d. Hyperventilation
c. Kussmauls
Associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (to eliminate co2)
Periods of hyperpnea interspersed with apnea best describes:
a. Cheyne-stokes
b. Biot’s
c. Kussmauls
d. Hyperventilation
b. Biot’s
Associated with brain injuries.
Dyspnea that is triggered when the patient is in a reclining position, or laying down.
a. platypnea
b. orthopnea
c. orthodeoxia
d. trepopnea
b. orthopnea
common in patients with CHF, mitral valve disease, and superior vena cava syndrome.
Dyspnea triggered by the upright position, or sitting up.
a. platypnea
b. orthopnea
c. orthodeoxia
d. trepopnea
a. platypnea
patients following pneumonectomy and chronic liver disease. sometimes observed during hypovolemia and some neurologic diseases.
Oxygen desaturation during an upright position, sitting up.
a. platypnea
b. orthopnea
c. orthodeoxia
d. trepopnea
c. orthodeoxia
Accompanies platypnea.
Position in which laying on one side relieves dyspnea. Usually associated with CHF or pleural effusion.
a. platypnea
b. orthopnea
c. orthodeoxia
d. trepopnea
d. trepopnea
Patients with asthma typically complain of:
a. feeling suffocated
b. increased WOB, shallow breathing, gasping
c. chest tightness
d. all of the above
c. chest tightness
Patients with ILD typically complain of:
a. feeling suffocated
b. increased WOB, shallow breathing, gasping
c. chest tightness
d. all of the above
b. increased WOB, shallow breathing, gasping
Patients with CHF complain of feeling:
a. feeling suffocated
b. increased WOB, shallow breathing, gasping
c. chest tightness
d. all of the above
a. feeling suffocated
T/F: Patients with cardiopulmonary diseases can experience several unpleasant breathing sensations simultaneously.
True
When patients have normal cardiopulmonary function complain of intense dyspnea and suffocation:
Psychogenic hyperventilation syndrome
What are the most common causes of chronic dyspnea:
COPD and CHF
A patient with congestive heart failure, complains that when he assumes a reclining position he begins to feel dyspneic, what kind of condition is this patient describing?
a. Platypnea
b. Orthopnea
c. Apnea
d. Eupnea
b. Orthopnea
Which of the following are classic vital signs?
- HR (pulse)
- Respirations
- BP
- Temperature
- SpO2
- HR (pulse)
- Respirations
- BP
- Temperature
What are the four main sites for temperature?
- Oral
- Axillary
- Ear
- Rectal
Remember O-EAR!
Oral, Ear, Axillary, Rectal
Where is pulse rate most commonly measured?
a. radial
b. brachial
c. femoral
d. carotid
a. radial
Tachycardia is quantified at:
a. > 60 bpm
b. > 90 bpm
c. > 100 bpm
d. > 120 bpm
c. > 100 bpm
normal HR in adults is 60-100 bpm
T/F: Irregular pulse can suggest cardiac arrhythmias.
True
The peak force during ventricular contraction is the:
a. diastolic pressure
b. systolic pressure
c. pulse pressure
d. pulsus paradoxus
b. systolic
normal: 120
The force during ventricular relaxation is the:
a. diastolic pressure
b. systolic pressure
c. pulse pressure
d. pulsus paradoxus
a. diastolic pressure
normal: 80
The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure:
a. diastolic pressure
b. systolic pressure
c. pulse pressure
d. pulsus paradoxus
c. pulse pressure
Systolic pressure drops more than 10 mm Hg during inhalation at rest. Usually occurs with cardiac tamponade but can also be seen with asthma and COPD.
a. diastolic pressure
b. systolic pressure
c. pulse pressure
d. pulsus paradoxus
d. pulsus paradoxus
What is normal oxygen saturation?
95-99%
> 95%
What acronym is used for chest assessment?
I-P-P-A
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
Nadal flaring, Splinting, Abnormal chest shape and configuration, Cough, Digital clubbing, Pedal edema… All findings you would see during:
a. inspection
b. palpation
c. percussion
d. ausculations
a. inspection
Outward sternal portrusion anteriorly describes:
a. pectus excavatum
b. pectus carinatum
c. flail chest
d. pneumothorax
b. pectus carinatum
Depression in of part or all of the sternum:
a. pectus excavatum
b. pectus carinatum
c. flail chest
d. pneumothorax
a. pectus excavatum
Multifocal fractures of 1 or more ribs:
a. pectus excavatum
b. pectus carinatum
c. flail chest
d. pneumothorax
c. flail chest
Symmetry of chest expansion, Position of the trachea, Skin temperature, muscle tone, Areas of tenderness, lumps, and depressions, Tactile and vocal fremitus, Subcutaneous emphysema… All findings you would see during:
a. inspection
b. palpation
c. percussion
d. ausculations
b. palpation
Normal breath sounds:
a. vesicular
b. bronchial (tubular)
c. adventitious
a. vesicular
Crackles (rales), rhonci, wheezes:
a. vesicular
b. bronchial (tubular)
c. adventitious
c. adventitious
Coughing up blood or bloody sputum:
a. hemoptysis
b. hematemesis
a. hemoptysis
Blood vomited in the gastrointestinal tract:
a. hemoptysis
b. hematemesis
b. hematemesis
T/F: Pedal edema is associated with left heart failure.
FALSE. Pedal edema is associated with RIGHT heart failure. Accumulation of fluid in the ankles. JVD is also a sign of right heart failure.
Capillary refill time should take:
< 3 seconds
