Quiz 1 Flashcards by Melinda Guzman

Your patient tells you they’ve been restless and short of breath whenever they walk from the garage to their front door. This information falls into which category?

a. subjective
b. objective
c. assessment
d. plan

a. subjective

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While assessing your patient you discover crackles, low spO2, and a wet cough. This information falls into which category?

a. subjective
b. objective
c. assessment
d. plan

b. objective

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Your patient tells you they feel a sensation of discomfort whenever they breath. They describe it as feeling “short-winded” and “feeling of suffocation.” What symptom are they experiencing?

a. breathlessness
b. dyspnea
c. orthopnea
d. platypnea

b. dyspnea

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Your patient tells you they feel a sensation of an unpleasant urge to breath. They feel like they are gasping for air. These symptoms best describe:

a. breathlessness
b. dyspnea
c. orthopnea
d. platypnea

a. breathlessness

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Normal range and rhythm of 12-20 breaths/min with moderate depth. This is describing:

a. apnea
b. hyperpnea
c. cheyne-stokes
d. eupnea

d. eupnea

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Regular rhythm with fewer than 12 breaths/min. This describes:

a. bradycardia
b. tachypnea
c. hypoventilation
d. bradypnea

d. bradypnea

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Regular rhythm with more than 20 breaths/min describes:

a. bradycardia
b. tachypnea
c. hypoventilation
d. bradypnea

b. tachypnea

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An absence of breathing that leads to respiratory arrest or death describes:

a. apnea
b. hypoventilation
c. bradypnea
d. biot’s respirations

a. apnea

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Increased rate and depth of respiration best describes:

a. apnea
b. hypoventilation
c. hyperpnea
d. biot’s respirations

c. hyperpnea

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Decreased rate and depth that decreases alveolar ventilation and increased paCO2, best describes:

a. bradycardia
b. tachypnea
c. hypoventilation
d. bradypnea

c. hypoventilation

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Hypoventilation can lead to:

a. respiratory alkalosis
b. respiratory acidosis
c. metabolic acidosis
d. metabolic alkalosis

b. respiratory acidosis

Hypoventilation: decreased rate and depth. Decreasing alveolar ventilation, leading to increased PaCO2 > 40 torr + ph <7.40

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Increased rate and depth, which increases alveolar ventilation and leads to a ↓ PaCO2, best describes:

a. bradycardia
b. tachypnea
c. hypoventilation
d. hyperventilation

d. hyperventilation

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Hyperventilation can lead to:

a. respiratory alkalosis
b. respiratory acidosis
c. metabolic acidosis
d. metabolic alkalosis

a. respiratory alkalosis

Blowing off too much CO2. Hyperventilation: Increased rate and depth, which increases alveolar ventilation and leads to a ↓ PaCO2< 40 torr, pH > 7.40

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Respirations become faster and deeper, then slower and shallower with a period of apnea. This describes:

a. Cheyne-stokes
b. Biot’s
c. Kussmauls
d. Hyperventilation

a. Cheyne-stokes

Associated with neurological disorders and CHF.

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Deep and fast breathing with continued hyperpnea best describes:

a. Cheyne-stokes
b. Biot’s
c. Kussmauls
d. Hyperventilation

c. Kussmauls

Associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (to eliminate co2)

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Periods of hyperpnea interspersed with apnea best describes:

a. Cheyne-stokes
b. Biot’s
c. Kussmauls
d. Hyperventilation

b. Biot’s

Associated with brain injuries.

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Dyspnea that is triggered when the patient is in a reclining position, or laying down.

a. platypnea
b. orthopnea
c. orthodeoxia
d. trepopnea

b. orthopnea

common in patients with CHF, mitral valve disease, and superior vena cava syndrome.

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Dyspnea triggered by the upright position, or sitting up.

a. platypnea
b. orthopnea
c. orthodeoxia
d. trepopnea

a. platypnea

patients following pneumonectomy and chronic liver disease. sometimes observed during hypovolemia and some neurologic diseases.

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Oxygen desaturation during an upright position, sitting up.

a. platypnea
b. orthopnea
c. orthodeoxia
d. trepopnea

c. orthodeoxia

Accompanies platypnea.

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Position in which laying on one side relieves dyspnea. Usually associated with CHF or pleural effusion.

a. platypnea
b. orthopnea
c. orthodeoxia
d. trepopnea

d. trepopnea

Patients with asthma typically complain of:

a. feeling suffocated
b. increased WOB, shallow breathing, gasping
c. chest tightness
d. all of the above

c. chest tightness

Patients with ILD typically complain of:

a. feeling suffocated
b. increased WOB, shallow breathing, gasping
c. chest tightness
d. all of the above

b. increased WOB, shallow breathing, gasping

Patients with CHF complain of feeling:

a. feeling suffocated
b. increased WOB, shallow breathing, gasping
c. chest tightness
d. all of the above

a. feeling suffocated

T/F: Patients with cardiopulmonary diseases can experience several unpleasant breathing sensations simultaneously.

True

When patients have normal cardiopulmonary function complain of intense dyspnea and suffocation:

Psychogenic hyperventilation syndrome

What are the most common causes of chronic dyspnea:

COPD and CHF

A patient with congestive heart failure, complains that when he assumes a reclining position he begins to feel dyspneic, what kind of condition is this patient describing? a. Platypnea b. Orthopnea c. Apnea d. Eupnea

b. Orthopnea

Which of the following are classic vital signs? 1. HR (pulse) 2. Respirations 3. BP 4. Temperature 5. SpO2

1. HR (pulse) 2. Respirations 3. BP 4. Temperature

What are the four main sites for temperature?

1. Oral 2. Axillary 3. Ear 4. Rectal Remember O-EAR! Oral, Ear, Axillary, Rectal

Where is pulse rate most commonly measured? a. radial b. brachial c. femoral d. carotid

a. radial

Tachycardia is quantified at: a. > 60 bpm b. > 90 bpm c. > 100 bpm d. > 120 bpm

c. > 100 bpm normal HR in adults is 60-100 bpm

T/F: Irregular pulse can suggest cardiac arrhythmias.

True

The peak force during ventricular contraction is the: a. diastolic pressure b. systolic pressure c. pulse pressure d. pulsus paradoxus

b. systolic | normal: 120

The force during ventricular relaxation is the: a. diastolic pressure b. systolic pressure c. pulse pressure d. pulsus paradoxus

a. diastolic pressure | normal: 80

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure: a. diastolic pressure b. systolic pressure c. pulse pressure d. pulsus paradoxus

c. pulse pressure

Systolic pressure drops more than 10 mm Hg during inhalation at rest. Usually occurs with cardiac tamponade but can also be seen with asthma and COPD. a. diastolic pressure b. systolic pressure c. pulse pressure d. pulsus paradoxus

d. pulsus paradoxus

What is normal oxygen saturation?

95-99% >95%

What acronym is used for chest assessment?

I-P-P-A Inspection Palpation Percussion Auscultation

Nadal flaring, Splinting, Abnormal chest shape and configuration, Cough, Digital clubbing, Pedal edema... All findings you would see during: a. inspection b. palpation c. percussion d. ausculations

a. inspection

Outward sternal portrusion anteriorly describes: a. pectus excavatum b. pectus carinatum c. flail chest d. pneumothorax

b. pectus carinatum

Depression in of part or all of the sternum: a. pectus excavatum b. pectus carinatum c. flail chest d. pneumothorax

a. pectus excavatum

Multifocal fractures of 1 or more ribs: a. pectus excavatum b. pectus carinatum c. flail chest d. pneumothorax

c. flail chest

Symmetry of chest expansion, Position of the trachea, Skin temperature, muscle tone, Areas of tenderness, lumps, and depressions, Tactile and vocal fremitus, Subcutaneous emphysema... All findings you would see during: a. inspection b. palpation c. percussion d. ausculations

b. palpation

Normal breath sounds: a. vesicular b. bronchial (tubular) c. adventitious

a. vesicular

Crackles (rales), rhonci, wheezes: a. vesicular b. bronchial (tubular) c. adventitious

c. adventitious

Coughing up blood or bloody sputum: a. hemoptysis b. hematemesis

a. hemoptysis

Blood vomited in the gastrointestinal tract: a. hemoptysis b. hematemesis

b. hematemesis

T/F: Pedal edema is associated with left heart failure.

FALSE. Pedal edema is associated with RIGHT heart failure. Accumulation of fluid in the ankles. JVD is also a sign of right heart failure.

Capillary refill time should take:

< 3 seconds