Quiz 2 IDs

Question 1

Roman familia

Answer 1

• Includes freedpeople and slaves and everyone is under the leadership and command of the paterfamilia
• The paterfamilia had power of life or death over all members of his family.
• Significance: Roman family structure mirrored Roman political structure (senators were seen as the fathers of society)

Question 2

Roman women

Answer 2

• Greater legal rights than Athenian women (not expected to live hidden and segregated lives); able to inherit large sums of money
• Could remain in her paterfamilia’s household or join her husband’s household.
• Played significant roles in Roman religion (ex: vestal virgins)

Question 3

Polybius

Answer 3

• Greek historian who wrote his histories in the mid-early 2nd century BC.
• Hostage in Rome
• Thinks that the reason why Rome is successful is because of it’s mixed government (not strictly a monarchy, democracy, etc.), as seen in classical Sparta
• Significant because he wrote a history of the Romans from a Greek perspective

Question 4

Roman politics

Answer 4

• Cursus honorum (racetrack of honours): path of offices you ascend as a senator
• Dictators can be elected for max. 6 months in times of emergency
• Election of nobility (being known) and family tradition in politics
• Designed to avoid tyranny
• In reality, Roman politics become an aristocracy because the senators are in competition (not a monarchy) and acquire so much power
• Interestingly, a big part of being elected was being well liked, so senators had to act kindly to their subjects and be benevolent as well as just noble

Question 5

Roman triumph

Answer 5

• Recognition by the senate, people and gods of Rome of a commander’s (consul’s) military victory
• Parade through city to temple, commander is portrayed as a god
• Desire for a triumph contributed to Roman commander’s aggressive nature (wanted to obtain one and had a limited amount of time - a year - to do so)

Question 6

Carthage

Answer 6

• City in northern Africa with a massive naval prowess
• Fights Rome during the three Punic wars (from the mid 3rd century BC to the mid 2nd century BC)
• Is beat by Rome finally and must pay massive indemnities

Question 7

First Punic War

Answer 7

• Occurs in the mid 3rd century BC between the Carthaginians and the Romans
• Fight over Sicily and eventually Rome wins.
• Significance: example of the win or die mentality of Romans (continued to rebuild their navy [even privately funded at times])
• Significance: difficulties of changing consuls every year (short term plans)
• Significance: Rome (known for not taking territory) finally takes their first provinces (Sardinia and Corsica) but still don’t take Carthage.

Question 8

Hannibal Barca

Answer 8

• Lived from the mid 3rd century BC to the early 2nd century BC)
• Carthaginian general, story that his father made him swear an oath to hate the Romans
• Significance: took advantage of Roman aggressiveness (massive Roman casualties) - took the unexpected route and went through the alps to get to Rome
• Significance: very important figure, common enemy for Romans
• Eventually, beaten by Scipio

Question 9

Scipio Africanus (Publius Cornelius Scipio)

Answer 9

• Lived from the late 3rd century BC to the early 2nd century BC.
• Given consular power in Spain without being elected when he was quite young - A proconsul (in place of a consul)
• Invades North Africa, conquers Hannibal and is renamed Scipio Africanus
• Got the most glorious triumph in Roman history
• Exiled in 180s because people are afraid that he is too powerful (starts to behave in new ways)

Question 10

The Gracchi Brothers

Answer 10

• Lived in the mid-late 2nd century BC
• Tiberius: nobleman who became tribune of the plebs and went against the senates wishes by instating land reform
• Killed (along with his followers) by a mob of senators after he tried to run for a second term
• Significance: beginning of class tensions in Rome
• Significance: tribune of the plebs who did not do what the senate wanted and payed the price (the senate’s way or the high way)
• Gaius then becomes tribune of the plebs and instates a more comprehensive set of reforms
• Declared an enemy of the state and killed

Question 11

Third Punic War

Answer 11

• Mid 2nd century BC
• Destruction and sacking of Carthage and Corinth in one year (146 BC)
• Massive amounts of wealth flood into Rome from these sackings, so much so that Romans are exempt from paying taxes for a year

Question 12

Roman slavery in the 2nd century

Answer 12

• Largest slave economy in the ancient world
• ## Slaves captured in wars