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RLE 109 2ND YEAR MIDTERMS > QUIZ 2: FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES > Flashcards

QUIZ 2: FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES Flashcards

1
Q

FUNCTIONS OF WATER

A

Medium for metabolic reactions within cells
Transporter for nutrients, waste products, and other substances
Lubricant
Insulator and shock absorber
Regulates and maintain body temperature

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2
Q

average adult weight - ____
infants - ______
older adults - ______

A

46 - 60% fluids
70 - 80
50%

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3
Q

found within the cells of the body
contains solutes such as oxygen, electrolytes and glucose

A

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

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4
Q

found outside the cells and accounts 1/3 of total body fluid

A

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

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5
Q

found within the vascular system

A

Intravascular fluid or plasma

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6
Q

surrounds the cell

A

Interstitial fluid

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7
Q

includes CSF, pericardial fluid, pancreatic, pleural, intraocular, biliary, peritoneal and synovial fluids

A

Transcellular fluids

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8
Q

are charged particles capable of conducting electricity

A

ELECTROLYTES

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9
Q
  • positively charged
  • Na, K, Ca, Mg
A

Cations

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10
Q
  • negatively charged
  • CI, bicarbonate HCO3, phosphate HPO4, sulfate SO4
    • Measured in milliequivalents per Inter of water (mEq/L)
A

Anions

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11
Q
  • is the movement of water across cell membranes, from the less concentrated solution to the more concentrated solution
A

Osmosis

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12
Q
  • the concentration solutes in body fluids
A

Osmolality

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13
Q
  • used to refer to the molality of a solution
A

Tonicity

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14
Q
  • solution has the same osmolality as body fluids ex. Normal saline or 0.9% sodium chloride
A

Isotonic

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15
Q
  • solutions have higher osmolality than body fluids ex. 3% NaCl
A

Hypertonic

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16
Q
  • solutions have lower osmolality than body fluids ex. ½ normal saline or 0.45% NaCl
17
Q
  • is the power of a solution to draw water across a semipermeable membrane
A

Osmotic Pressure

18
Q
  • is the continual intermingling of molecules in liquids, gasses, or solids brought about by the random movement of the molecules
19
Q
  • movement of substances across cell membranes from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one. ex. Sodium - potassium pump
A

Active Transport

20
Q

135 to 180 L of plasma / day is filtered
1.5L of urine is excreted
significant role acid-base regulation ( excrete H and retain HCO3)

21
Q

regulates water excretion from kidney
factors affect production
increase serum osmolality
decrease serum osmolality
blood volume, temperature, pain, stress and opiates, barbiturates, nicotine

A

Antidiuretic hormone

22
Q
  • Angiotensin system
    promote water and Na retention
    released when blood flow or pressure decreases
    promotes the release of aldosterone
23
Q

release from the atrium of the heart in response to excess blood volume
promotes Na wasting and acts as potent diuretic
inhibits thirst

A

Atrial natriuretic factor

24
Q

charged ions capable of conducting electricity
present in all body fluids and fluid compartments

A

REGULATING ELECTROLYTE

25
Q

maintaining fluid balance
contributing acid-base regulation
facilitating enzyme reactions
transmitting neuromuscular reactions

A

Uses of Electrolytes

26
Q

Most abundant cation in ECF
Major contributor to serum osmolality
Bacon, ham, processed foods and salt

A

Sodium (Na+)

27
Q

Major cation in ICF
Vital for skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle activity
Fruits and vegetables, meat, fish

A

Potassium (K+)

28
Q

Abundant in skeletal system, small amount in ECr
Vital in regulating muscle contraction and relaxation, neuromuscular function and cardiac function
ECF Ca regulated by parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, calcitriol

A

Calcium (Ca+)

29
Q

Found in skeleton and ICF
Important in production and use of ATP, protein and DNA synthesis within cells
Cereal grains, nuts, dried fruits, legumes and green leafy veg.

A

Magnesium (Mg+)

30
Q

Major anion of ECF
Function with Na to regulate serum osmolality and blood volume
Acts as a buffer in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in RBC

A

Chloride (CI-)

31
Q

Major anion of ICF
Essential for functioning of muscles, nerves and RBC, metabolism of protein, fat, and CHO
Meat, fish, poultry, milk products and legumes

A

Phosphate (PO4)

32
Q
  • is a substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+)
33
Q
  • or alkaline have low hydrogen ion concentration
    Normal arterial blood pH - 7.35-7.45
34
Q
  • water & electrolytes gained or lost in equal
35
Q

water & electrolytes lost in equal proportions

A

Fluid Volume Deficit

36
Q

water and electrolytes retained in equal proportion

A

Fluid Volume Excess

37
Q
  • gained or lost of water only
38
Q

dehydration

A

Hyperosmolar Imbalance

39
Q

water excess / overhydration

A

Hyposmolar Imbalance

RLE 109 2ND YEAR MIDTERMS (2 decks)

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