QUIZ 1: ASSISTING IN DRUG ADMINISTRATION Flashcards
a substance administered for the diagnosis, cure, treatment or relief of a symptom or prevention of disease. It is also called DRUG.
MEDICATION
written direction and administration of a drug.
PRESCRIPTION
Study of the effects of drugs on living organisms.
PHARMACOLOGY
Book containing a list of products used in medicine, with descriptions of the products, chemical tests for determining identity and purity, and formulas and prescriptions.
PHARMACOPEIA
Drugs may have natural sources or may be synthesized in the laboratory.
DRUG STANDARD
Drugs can be ____
plant derived, mineral derived, animal derived or human derived.
_____ have been developed to ensure uniform quality.
Drug standards
FDA
Food and Drug Authority
BFAD
Bureau of Food and Drugs
A person shall be deemed to be practicing nursing within the meaning of RA No. ____ when he/she singly or in collaboration with another, initiates and performs nursing services to individuals, families and communities in any health care setting.
9173
exists in a person who has unusually low physiologic response to a drug and requires increased dosage to maintain a given therapeutic effect.
Drug Tolerance
is the increasing response to repeated doses of a drug that occurs when the rate of administration exceeds the rate of metabolism or excretion.
Cumulative Effect
is unexpected effect to individual, under response and over response to a drug
Idiosyncratic effect
A ______ occurs when the administration of one drug before, at the same time as, or after another drug alters the effect of one or both drugs.
drug interaction
______ (disease caused unintentionally by medical therapy) can be a result of drug therapy. Hepatic toxicity resulting in biliary obstruction, renal damage, and malformations of the fetus as a result of specific drugs taken during pregnancy are examples.
Latrogenic disease
improper use of common medications in ways that lead to acute and chronic toxicity.
DRUG MISUSE
inappropriate intake of a substance either continuously or periodically.
DRUG ABUSE
is a person’s reliance on or need to take a drug or substance
Drug dependence
is due to biochemical changes in body tissues especially the nervous system
Physiologic dependence
is emotional reliance on a drug to maintain a sense of well being. Is the improper use of common medications in ways that leads to acute and chronic toxicity.
Psychological dependence
denotes a mild form of psychological dependence
Drug habituation
street drugs; are those sold illegally; taken because of their mood altering effect.
ILLICIT DRUGS
manufacturer’s name of the drug.
BRAND NAME
given before a drug becomes official.
GENERIC NAME
Eg. antipyretic, antihypertensive, anticholinergic.
CLASSIFICATION
identifies the structure and composition of the drug. e.g. tablet, suspension, syrup, injectables.
MEDICATION FORM-
refers to the dosage weight or amount of drug provided in a specific unit of measurement.
DOSAGE STRENGTH
Refers to the full quantity contained in a package, bottle or vial.
TOTAL VOLUME
refers to both dosage strength and form.
SUPPLY DOSAGE
refers to the site of the body or method of drug delivery into the patient.
ADMINISTRATION ROUTE
refers to the drugs that dispensed in powder form and , tomust be reconstituted for use.
DIRECTIONS FOR MIXING OR RECONSTITUTING
Warnings printed on the packaging.
LABEL ALERTS
Federal law requires all medications packages to be identified with a lot or control numbers.
LOT OR CONTROL NUMBER
federal law requires that every prescription medication has a unique identifying number.
NATIONAL DRUG CODE (NDC)
Serve to document drug dosing for recordkeeping and stock reorder.
BAR CODE SYMBOLS
are the two official national lists of approved drugs. Placed after the generic drug name. “Generic Drug Name, USP”
UNITED STATE PHARMACOPEIA and NATIONAL FORMULARY
package in a single capsule / tablet separately in a blister pack
UNIT DOSE LABEL
combination of two or more drugs in one form
COMBINATION DRUGS
___ is the process by which a drug passes into the blood-stream. Unless the drug is administered directly into the bloodstream.
Absorption
____ is the transportation of a drug from its site of absorption to its site of action. When a drug enters the bloodstream, it is carried to the most vascular organs —that is, liver, kidneys, and brain.
Distribution
____, also called detoxification or metabolism, is a process by which a drug is converted to a less active form. Most ____ takes place in the liver, where many drug-metabolizing enzymes in the cells detoxify the drugs.
Biotransformation
____ is the process by which metabolites and drugs are eliminated from the body. Most drug metabolites are eliminated by the kidneys in the urine; however, some are excreted in the feces, the breath, perspiration, saliva, and breast milk.
Excretion
indicates that the medication is to be given immediately and only once
Stat Order
is for medication to be given once at a specified time
Single Order or One Time Order
may or may not have termination date, may be carried out indefinitely
Standing Order
permits the nurse to give medication when, in the nurse’s judgement, the client requires it.
PRN or as Needed
apply indefinitely until the prescriber writes an order to alter or discontinue the medication
Standard Written Orders
are protocols that hospitals use for discontinuing medications after a certain length of time.
Automatic Stop Date
are those written on a standard
Written orders
given orally
Verbal orders
The medication given was the medication ordered.
RIGHT MEDICATION
The dose ordered is appropriate for the client. Give special attention if the calculation indicates multiple pills/ tablets or a large quantity of a liquid medication. This can be an indication that the math calculation may be incorrect. Double-check calculations that appear questionable. Know the usual dosage range of the medication. Question a dose outside of the usual dosage range.
RIGHT DOSE
Give the medication at the right frequency and at the time ordered according to agency policy. Medications should be given within the agency guidelines.
RIGHT TIME
Give the medication by the ordered route. Make certain that the route is safe and appropriate for the client.
RIGHT ROUTE
Medications is given to the intended client. Check the client’s identificatien band with each administration of a medication. Know the agency’s name alert procedure when clients with the same or similar last names are on the nursing unit.
RIGHT CLIENT
Explain information about the medication to the client (e.g., why receiving, what to expect, any precautions).
RIGHT CLIENT EDUCATION
Document medication administration after giving it, not before. If time of administration differs from prescribed time, note the time on the MAR and explain the reason and follow-through activities (e.g., pharmacy states medication will be available in 2 hours) in nursing notes. If a medication is not given, follow the agency’s policy for documenting the reason why.
RIGHT DOCUMENTATION
Adult client have the right to refuse any medication. The nurse’s role is to ensure that the client is fully informed of the potential consequences of refusal to the health care provider.
RIGHT TO REFUSE
Some medications require specific assessments prior to administration (e.g., apical pulse, blood pressure, lab results). Medication orders may include specific parameters for administration (e.g., do not give if pulse less than 60 or systolic blood pressure less than 100).
RIGHT ASSESSMENT
Conduct appropriate follow-up (e.g., was the desired effect achieved or not? Did the client experience any side effects or adverse reactions?).
RIGHT EVALUATION
Read the MAR and remove the medication(s) from the client’s drawer. Verify that the client’s name and room number match the MAR.
Compare the label of the medication against the MAR.
If the dosage does not match the MAR, determine if you need to do a math calculation.
Check the expiration date of the medication.
FIRST CHECK
While preparing the medication (e.g., pouring, drawing up, or placing unopened package in a medication cup), look at the medication label and check against the MAR.
SECOND CHECK
Recheck the label on the container (e.g., vial, bottle, or unused unit-dose medications) against the MAR before returning to its storage place OR before giving the medication to the client.
THIRD CHECK
Basic unit of volume - minim means
“ the least”
