QUIZ 2: FLUID VOLUME EXCESS

Question 1

refers to an isotonic volume expansion of the extracellular fluid (ECF) caused by the abnormal retention of water and sodium in approximately the same proportions in which they normally exist in the ECF.

Answer 1

HYPERVOLEMIA:
Fluid volume excess (fve)

Question 2

Other names:Fluid volume excess

Answer 2

“fluid overload” or “volume overload.”

Question 3

Signs & symptoms (pulmonary)

PCSOCX

Answer 3

Pulmonary Congestion: crackles, rales
Change in respiratory pattern
Shortness of breath; orthopnea/dyspnea
Orthopnea, Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Cough
X-ray shows pulmonary edema

Question 4

Signs & symptoms (neurologic)

HRSC

Answer 4

Headache
Restlessness, Anxiety
Seizures
Change in mental status (confusion), LOC

Question 5

Signs & symptoms (edema/ascites)

Answer 5

Dependent Pitting Edema
Ascites

Question 6

Signs & symptoms (cardiovascular)
JTITIIID

Answer 6

Jugular vein distention
Tachycardia, Bounding pulse
Increase BP
Third heart sound (S3)
Intake exceeds output
Increased CVP
Increased pulmonary artery diastolic pressure
Decreased Hgb or Hct (7, 15)

Question 7

Signs & symptoms (renal)
SOAAAA

Answer 7

Specific gravity changes
Oliguria
Azotemia
Altered electrolytes
Abnormal breath sounds: crackles
Altered electrolytes

Question 8

Signs & symptoms (gi)

Answer 8

Nausea
Vomiting

Question 9

is a biochemical abnormality, defined as elevation, or buildup of, nitrogenous products , creatinine in the blood, and other secondary waste products within the body.

Answer 9

Azotemia

Question 10

Normal urine specific gravity levels

Answer 10

between 1.010 and 1.020. Urine Specific gr. increases if concentrated.

Question 11

Causes:

Answer 11

Salt sodium
Kidney failure.
Cirrhosis.
Hepatitis.
Diabetes.
Congestive heart failure\
Hormonal changes

Question 12

When your heart is not pumping enough blood, your kidneys aren’t able to work as well, leaving excess fluid in your body.
Excess alcohol consumption.

Answer 12

Congestive heart failure.

Question 13

Liver failure

Answer 13

cirrhosis.

Question 14

Other causes

Answer 14

Nephrotic syndrome
Premenstrual edema

Question 15

a disorder that causes excess excretion of protein in the urine

Answer 15

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 16

swelling that occurs prior to a woman’s menstrual cycle

Answer 16

Premenstrual edema

Question 17

Diagnosis

Answer 17

Blood test:
CBC - low Hematocrit level, serum Na
Imbalance serum K+, High Na+

Urine Test
Increase BUN, Creatinine
Na+ concentration
Urine pH
Xray

Question 18

Treatment

Answer 18

Treat the disorder causing the overload, if it’s the slow heart, meds to increase the pumping action of the heart are needed
Reduce or limit oral intake
Reduce salt, where salt goes, water.
Stop IVFs
Administer drugs to release water like lasix, hydrochlorothiazide or aldactone
Use a combination of all of these

Question 19

Nursing management

Answer 19

I&O
Weight daily-rapid weight gain
Assess breath sounds for patient on IVF
Monitor the degree of edema

Question 20

1kg wt. gain =

Answer 20

1L of water

Question 21

possibly evidenced by:

Answer 21

Ascites.
Extra heart sounds S3
Aphasia, muscle twitching, tremors, seizures
Hypertension
Productive cough.
Bounding pulses.
Shortness of breath.
Changes in LOC (lethargy, disorientation, confusion to coma)
Sudden weight gain, excess of 5% TBW
Crackles.