Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MEDSURG QUIZ 2 > QUIZ 2: FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT > Flashcards

QUIZ 2: FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT Flashcards

1
Q

There are different fluid volume disturbances that may affect an individual.

A

Fluid volume disturbances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

occurs when loss of ECF volume exceeds the intake of fluid.

A

Fluid volume deficit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

refers to an isotonic volume expansion of the ECF caused by the abnormal retention of water and sodium in approximately the same proportions in which they normally exist in the ECF.

A

Fluid volume excess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

refers to a serum sodium level that is less than 135 mEq/L

A

Hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

is a serum sodium level higher than 145 mEq/L.

A

Hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

usually indicates a deficit in total potassium stores.

A

Hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

refers to a potassium level greater than 5.0 mEq/L.

A

Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CALCIUM levels below 8.6 mg/di.

A

Hypocalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

is a calcium level greater than 10.2 mg/dl.

A

Hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

refers to a below-normal serum magnesium concentration.

A

Hypomagnesemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is a serum phosphorus level that exceeds 4.5 mg/di in adults.

A

Hyperphosphatemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Disturbances in electrolyte balances

A

Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hypermagnesemia
Hypophosphatemia
Hyperphosphatemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Complications of fluid and electrolyte imbalances

DCSC

A

Dehydration
Cardiac overload
Siadh / syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone
Cardiac arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fluid volume deficit would result in dehydration of the body tissues.

A

Dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fluid volume excess could result in cardiac overload if left untreated.

A

Cardiac overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Siadh MEANING

A

syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone- is a disorder of impaired water excretion caused by the inability to suppress the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (adh).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Assessment and diagnostic findings

A

BUN .
Hematocrit
Physical examination
Serum electrolyte levels.
ECG.
ABG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Medical Management

A

Isotonic electrolyte solutions.
Accurate I&O.
Dialysis
Nutritional Therapy

19
Q

Pharmacologic therapy

A

AVP receptor agonists.
Diuretics.
IV calcium gluconate.
Calcitonin.

20
Q

is also a potent vasoconstrictor and exerts a direct constrictive action on specific smooth muscle receptors

A

Vasopressin

21
Q

Nursing management

A

Close monitoring
I&O.
Daily weight. Assess the patient’s weight daily to measure any gains or losses.
Vital signs.
Physical exam. Physical exam is needed to reinforce other data about a fluid or electrolyte imbalance.

22
Q

Nursing diagnosis

A
  • Excess fluid volume related to excess fluid intake and sodium intake.
  • Deficient fluid volume related to active fluid loss or failure of regulatory mechanisms.
  • Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to inability to ingest food or absorb nutrients.
  • Imbalanced nutrition: more than body requirements related to excessive intake.
23
Q

Nursing interventions for fluid & electrolyte imbalances

A

Monitor turgor.
Urine concentration.
Oral and parenteral fluids.
Oral rehydration solutions.
Central nervous system changes.
Diet.

24
Q

occurs when loss of extracellular fluid exceeds the intake of fluid.

A

Hypovolemia

25
Q

It is a state or condition where the fluid output exceeds the fluid intake. It occurs when the body loses both water and electrolytes from the ECF in similar proportions.

A

Hypovolemia

26
Q

Predisposing factors: Hypovolemia

DAOHCT

A

Diabetes Insipidus
Adrenal insufficiency
Osmotic diuresis
Hemorrhage
Coma
Third-space fluid shifts

27
Q

Signs and symptoms: hypovolemia

LTDOCIADC

A

Low BP (Postural hypotension)
Tachycardia: rapid weak & thready pulse
Decreased skin turgor
Oliguria
Concentrated urine Flattened neck veins
Increased temperature
Acute weight loss
Decreased central venous pressure
Cool, clammy skin (due to peripheral vasoconstriction

28
Q

Signs and symptoms (Infant and young children)

CNBIS

A

Crying without tears
No wet diapers for three hours or more
Being unusually sleepy or drowsy
Irritability Eyes that look sunken
Sunken fontanel

29
Q

Causes: hypovolemia

A

Abnormal fluid losses
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Gastric suctioning
- Sweating
- Bleeding
Decrease intake
- Nausea
- Lack of access to fluids
- Osmotic diuresis
3rd-space fluid shifts
- Edema formation in Burns
- Ascites in liver dysfunction
Diabetes Insipidus

30
Q

Diagnosis: Blood test:

A

CBC - increase Hematocrit level
Elevated BUN - Out of proportion with creatinine
Imbalance serum K+, Na+

31
Q

Diagnosis: Urine Test

A

Increase BUN, Creatinine
Na+ concentration
Urine pH
Xray/ MRI - Hypovolemic shock with subtle imaging signs

32
Q

possibly evidenced by:

A

Abdominal distention.
Confusion, restlessness.
Dark concentrated urine.
Decreased urine volume.
Decreased central venous pressure.
Hypotension.
Pale, moist, clammy skin.
Tachycardia.
Tachypnea.
Weak pulses

33
Q

Nursing assessment

A

Complete a thorough head-to-toe assessment.
Assess intake and output.
Assess vital signs.
Assess laboratory values.
Assess skin turgor.
Assess urine color and concentration.
Auscultate cardiac sounds.
Assess cardiac rhythm.
Assess mental status.

34
Q

Treatment

A

Oral hydration and diet
IV Fluids
Isotonic electrolyte crystalloid solutions ( LR, 0.9% NSS)
then hypotonic electrolyte
Blood transfusion

35
Q

Management

A

Monitor I & O, weight, vital signs, LOC, breath sounds, skin color to prevent fluid overload.
Fluid volume replacement accordingly.
CVP Monitoring
Fluid challenge test (due to prolonged FVD / to check renal blood flow.

36
Q

Level of consciousness

ALOSC

A

Alert (conscious)
Lethargy
Obtundation
Stupor
Coma (unconscious)

37
Q

Appearance of wakefulness, awareness of the self and environment

A

Alert (conscious)

38
Q

mild reduction in alertness

A

Lethargy

39
Q

moderate reduction in alertness. Increased response time to stimuli

A

Obtundation

40
Q

Deep sleep, patient can be aroused only by vigorous and repetitive stimulation. Returns to deep sleep when not continually stimulated.

A

Stupor

41
Q

Sleep lice appearance and behaviorally unresponsive to all external stimuli (Unarousable unresponsiveness, eyes closed)

A

Coma (unconscious)

42
Q

CVP mean?

A

Central Venous Pressure-often used as an assessment of hemodynamic status.

43
Q

3 stages of hypovolemic shock

A

Stage 1: 15% blood loss
(750 mL or about 25 ounces).
Stage 2: 15% to 30%
(750 mL to 1,500 mL or up to almost 51 ounces)
Stage 3: 30% to 40% of your blood
(1,500 to 2,000 mL or up to 68 oz.)

MEDSURG QUIZ 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions