Quiz 2 (Chapters 4 & 5)

Question 1

A shared way of thinking on a set of ideas reflecting values, beliefs, attitudes and experience of a person or group

Answer 1

Ideology

Question 2

Ideological belief focuses on these 3 things.

Answer 2

• The nature of the ideal political system
• Ideal economic order
• Ideal social goals

Question 3

Political ideology places special
emphasis on:

Answer 3

The role government should play in economic and social matters

Question 4

Those to the left of the political spectrum tend to emphasize an ______________________ perspective to social welfare.

Answer 4

Institutional

Question 5

Those to the right of the political spectrum tend to emphasize the _____________________ state.

Answer 5

Market

Question 6

The predominant concept of social welfare until the 20th century was:

Answer 6

The family and the economic market place

If that didn’t work, one could look for other sources like credit, loans, or other relatives.

Question 7

_____________________ emphasizes the individual’s freedom, worth, and self-determination in the political, social, and economic spheres.

Answer 7

Individualism

Question 8

_____________________ places the rights and welfare of the group or society above those of any and all individuals.

Answer 8

Collectivism

Question 9

_____________________ is the belief that all people should have equal political, social, and economic rights.

Answer 9

Egalitarianism

Question 10

_____________________ is the organization of society around interrelated but unequal functional groups, usually with those in the political or economic leadership group referred to as the _______.

Answer 10

Elitism

Elite

Question 11

Elitism is a ______________ rather than an egalitarian organizational view.

Answer 11

hierarchical

Question 12

What is the focus of communism?

Answer 12

Collectivism - Social ownership and control of lands as well as the means of production (The land, labour, and capital used by a society to produce material goods).

State ownership and production is directed toward meeting human need rather than for profit, as in a capitalist state.

Question 13

_____________________ has become associated with a political movement directed by the working class to establish an alternative to capitalist societies and also with a social ideal of egalitarianism.

Answer 13

Communism

Question 14

_____________________ assumes that citizens will regard themselves as co-owners of the means of production, acknowledge their true needs and the needs of fellow citizens, and work diligently to produce what is necessary to accomplish these ends.

Answer 14

Communism

Question 15

The core ideological principles of communism are:

Answer 15

A highly communal and egalitarian social and economic order.

Question 16

_____________________ believe that free-market economies cannot ensure the efficient and effective allocation of economic resources to meet the needs of all citizens.

Answer 16

Social democrats

Question 17

What are the two Public Sector types of social provision?

Answer 17

The welfare state
Fiscal welfare “The hidden welfare state”

Question 18

What are the two Private Sector types of social provision?

Answer 18

Employment-based welfare
Commercial welfare

Question 19

What are the two Civil Sector types of social provision?

Answer 19

Community welfare
Informal welfare

Question 20

Describe the key components to welfare state

Answer 20

Income maintenence payments and cash transfers
In-kind goods and services
Regulated regulatory and protective social legislation

Question 21

Describe the key components to Fiscal welfare

Answer 21

Tax allowances
Tax credits
Other subsidies that replace and perform the same function as cash transfers or in-kind goods and services

Question 22

Describe the key components to employment-based welfare

Answer 22

Mandatory and voluntary social programs and benefits provided by employers (typically tax-advantaged)

Question 23

Describe the key components to Commercial welfare

Answer 23

Various forms of typically tax-advantaged social protection and services purchased by individuals or groups in the market.

Question 24

Describe the key components to Community welfare

Answer 24

Voluntary social assistance provided by non-governmental organizations and other non-profit organizations and community groups

Question 25

Describe the key components to Informal welfare

Answer 25

Benefits, goods, services, and other forms of social support provided by family members or other informal groups and networks.

Question 26

Name the three forms of tax benefits

Answer 26

1) Tax allowances or deductions subtracted from gross income, lowering taxable income levels.
2) Tax credits and preferences, subtracted from the amount of income tax that an individual or family would have to pay.
3) Tax exemptions or deferrals, which eliminate or postpone tax liability under specific conditions.

Question 27

What are some examples of fiscal welfare?

Answer 27

Child tax credits
Tax allowances for the care of the elderly or disabled dependents
Tax relief on interest payable mortgages for homeowners or occupiers
Tax deductions for contributions to RRSPs, Education savings plans, and life insurance programs
Income transfers through vouchers for families or individuals to access approved commodities and services through the community
Reimbursement for medical and health services and pharmaceuticals
Reimbursement for private or home-schooling
Reimbursement for other social services purchased in the private sector

Question 28

What are some examples of welfare state?

Answer 28

Income security payments
Social insurance
Universal and targeted cash transfers
A wide range of in-kind goods and social services (housing, education, and health care)
Laws and regulatory measures (employer liability legislation)

Question 29

What are some examples of employment-based welfare?

Answer 29

Cash or in-kind benefits and services provided to workers by their employers
Pension plans
Retraining/apprenticeship programs
Tuition refunds and forms of financial aid for higher education
Support for maternity or parental leave
Comprehensive medical package

Question 30

What are some examples of commercial welfare?

Answer 30

Medical or dental care
Pharmaceuticals
Hospitalization
Retirement homes
Personal care and nursing homes
Private institutional or family daycare
RRSPs
Income protection insurance
Private medical insurance
Critical illness insurance

Question 31

_______________ programs are direct descendants of European poor laws and thus characteristically provide quite modest levels of social support.

Answer 31

Social assistance

Question 32

What is eligibility for social assistance based on?

Answer 32

Means test (income test, needs test, or poverty test)

Question 33

_______________ programs are built upon the idea of self-help and the pooling of collective risks.

Answer 33

Social insurance

Question 34

What is eligibility for social insurance based on?

Answer 34

Individuals make contributions that entitle them, or their families, to a replacement of some portion of their earnings under particular special circumstances, such as old age, illness, disability, death, or some other involuntary contingency that reduces or eliminates their capacity to earn an income.