Quiz 2 (Ch. 3) Flashcards
What are the two basic recording techniques?
1) Automated recording: a machine program determines whether a bx occurred
2) Observational recording: people determine whether a bx occurred in real time or by viewing a recording of the bx
Describe DVR w/automated & observational recording
Automated: machine scores the behavior
Observational: person viewing the DVR determines whether the behavior occurred
Define automated recording and provide 5 good examples
Measuring a behavior using a machine.
1) Use GPS to measure duration and distance of walks from home
2) Measure activity using a 3 axis accelerometer
3) Use data loggers to score driver seatbelt use
4) Use store checkout computers to measure purchase of healthy foods
5) Gas or electric meters to measure energy consumption
6) Odometer to measure how much someone drivers
3 advantages of automated recording
1) Precise measurement
2) Low rate of monitoring and supervision
3) Easy translation from recording to spread sheets
3 disadvantages of automated recording
1) Expense of equipment
2) May require skilled personnel to program and service it.
3) Currently it cannot measure a lot of social behaviors that are of interest.
What are the most common type of automated recording devices currently available?
Computers: measure academic behaviors
Smartphones/watches: sleep, activity levels, and location over time
What are some other devices in the natural environment that can be used to measure behavior?
Devices that measure energy use in homes and workplaces
UPCs codes to categorize what type of foods people are purchasing
Devices in a car that measure miles driven and various driving behaviors.
How do we measure the reliability of automated recording?
The use of calibration methods to ensure the device is working properly
List some types of sensors used for automated recording
Video, accelerometers, GPS, LiDAR, Radio Frequency tags, Audio sensors, Bluetooth sensors
Is measurement of an enduring product automated recording or observational recording?
It can be either depending upon whether the enduring product is measured by a machine or a human observer. Most often, observational recording is employed
Define enduring product and provide five good examples
Measure the product of a behavior that can be be viewed/accessed later
1) Vandalism by measuring damage during daily inspections
2) Number of vehicles parked in more than one space
3) Weight of recycle material
4) Number of problems correct and incorrect on a daily quiz
5) Problems completed in a one minute timed math drill
What are two important considerations when measuring lasting products of a behavior?
1) The characteristics of the material. Does the number of items vary each day, is the task open ended such as a block building task?
2) The purpose for recording. Are you trying to build fluency on a task, diversity of responding or accuracy of responding? You may be interested in changing many aspects of the behavior.
Define ABC recording and describe what it is used for
Keeping a record of behaviors you are concerned with along with immediate antecedents and immediate consequences
What is the most common reason for using ABC recording?
As part of a functional analysis?
What is the best way to use frequency recording?
Record the time the behavior occurs
Describe discrete categorization/behavioral checklists. Why is this a popular recording method?
Recording whether a behavior occurred or not when it‘s supposed to occur. It is easy to use and checklists are appropriate to measuring many behaviors
What is the difference between duration recording and latency recording?
Duration: you measure how long a behavior occurs
Latency: you measure the interval between an instruction or other antecedent event and the start or completion of a bx
Define partial interval time sampling
Divide a session into short intervals of time. Score whether the bx occurs at all during each of the short intervals. It need not occur for the entire interval
Define momentary time sampling
Record whether a bx occurs at particular points in time such as every min
When should you use partial interval time sampling? What is a drawback?
It is useful for measuring bx that occur for short durations, it tends to overestimate the amount of bx
Suggest two behaviors that could be observed using partial interval time sampling
The percent of time a child spends engaging in disruptive bx. The percent of time a child engages in sharing bx during various activities
When should you use whole interval time sampling? What is a drawback?
It is useful when you wish to measure a bx you would like to occur most of the time. It tends to underestimate the occurrence of the bx
Suggest two behaviors that could be observed using whole interval time sampling
The percent of intervals a student spends studying. The percent of intervals an employee spends working
What would be a good alternative to partial interval time sampling?
Frequency
What would be a good alternative to whole interval time sampling?
Duration
When using interval time sampling, what determine the length of the interval?
The frequency of the bx and the typical duration of the bx
What are three rules for using holistic scoring?
1) Scorers should not know the purpose of the study
2) Scorers should score samples in a random order
3) Scorers should be expert in the area being scored.
What are five methods that can help in performing a task analysis?
1) Consult with experts
2) Engage in the bx in slow motion.
3) Look at video in slow motion
4) Attempt to ID stimuli controlling each component of a chain
5) Examine competent individuals
What is the difference between discrete categorization/check list and momentary time sampling?
Use momentary time sampling when it is a bx can freely occur but use a checklist if it is a bx that should occur at a particular time
How to calculate IOA
Agreements / (Agreements + Disagreements)
