Quiz 2 (ch. 15)

Question 1

Where ACh is released

Answer 1

from the vesicles and into the synaptic cleft

Question 2

sympathetic NS

Answer 2

fight or flight response. originate from dorsal-root ganglia found at the thoracic and lumbar levels

Question 3

parasympathetic NS

Answer 3

rest and digest response. originate in the nodose ganglion of the vagus nerve or in dorsal-root ganglia at sacral levels S2–S4

Question 4

automatic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 4

◦for involuntary control of the body
◦for the sake of homeostasis

Question 5

craniosacral (ANS)

Answer 5

◦preganglionic fibers from the cranial region
travel in cranial nerves.
◦preganglionic fibers from the sacral region
travel in spinal nerves.
◦terminal ganglia - located near—or even
within—the target effector.
◦postganglionic fiber projects from the
terminal ganglia a short distance to the target
effector.

Question 6

thoracolumnar (ANS)

Answer 6

from the thoracic and upper lumbar
spinal cord

Question 7

cholinergic receptor

Answer 7

ACh is released.
two classes of receptor:
- the nicotinic receptor: a ligand-gated cation channel
(bind to nicotine).
- muscarinic receptor: a G protein–coupled receptor (bind to muscarine).

Question 8

adrenergic

Answer 8

norepinephrine is released.
two classes of receptor:
- the alpha (α)-adrenergic receptor: three types of α-
adrenergic receptors, termed α1, α2, and α3.
- beta (β)-adrenergic receptor: two types of β-adrenergic receptors, termed β1 and β2.

Question 9

visceral reflex components

Answer 9

◦autonomic reflex
◦output is a two-step pathway

Question 10

somatic reflex components

Answer 10

◦withdrawal reflex
◦output of a somatic reflex is
the lower motor neuron in
the ventral horn of the spinal
cord

Question 11

first type of sympathetic junction

Answer 11

the sympathetic nerve projects to
the chain ganglion at the same level as the target effector

Question 12

second type of sympathetic junction

Answer 12

target effectors are located superior or inferior
to the spinal segment at which the preganglionic fiber
emerges

Question 13

third type of sympathetic junction

Answer 13

Not all axons from the central neurons terminate
in the chain ganglia. Additional branches from the ventral nerve root continue through the chain and on to one of the collateral ganglia as the greater splanchnic nerve or lesser splanchnic nerve

Question 14

beta blockers + effects

Answer 14

block the β-receptors associated with vasoconstriction and cardioacceleration
–- allowing blood vessels to dilate, or keeping heart rate from increasing
–- β1-receptor and β2- receptor relationship

Question 15

effectors controlled by ANS

Answer 15

cardiac muscle ( the heart ) , smooth ( visceral ) muscles , and glands .

Question 16

referred pain of heart attack

Answer 16

strong visceral sensations of the heart will be felt as
pain in the left shoulder and left arm

Question 17

the alpha (α)-adrenergic receptor

Answer 17

three types of α- adrenergic receptors, termed α1, α2, and α3

Question 18

beta (β)-adrenergic receptor

Answer 18

two types of β-adrenergic receptors, termed β1 and β2