Quiz 2 Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 1

The circuit from the right ventricle through the lungs to the left atrium.

Question 2

Systemic circulation

Answer 2

The circuit from the left ventricle to right atrium

Question 3

Three types of blood vessels

Answer 3

1. Arteries
2. Veins
3. Capillaries

Question 4

Arteries

Answer 4

Blood vessels that carry blood under relatively high pressure from the heart and distribute it to the body.

Question 5

Large elastic arteries

Answer 5

(Conducting arteries) have many elastic layers (sheets of elastic fibers) in their walls. Examples of large elastic arteries are the aorta, the arteries that originate from the arch of the aorta (brachiocephalic trunk, subclavian and carotid arteries), and the pulmonary trunk and arteries.

Question 6

Medium muscular arteries

Answer 6

(Distributing arteries) have walls that consist chiefly of circularly disposed smooth muscle fibers. Their ability to decrease their diameter (vasoconstrict) regulates the flow of blood to different parts of the body as required by circumstance. Most of the named arteries, including those observed in the body wall and limbs during dissection such as the brachial or femoral arteries.

Question 7

Small arteries and arterioles

Answer 7

Have relatively narrow lumina and thick muscular walls.. arteries are usually not named or specifically identified during dissection, and arterioles can be observed only under magnification.

Question 8

Anastomoses

Answer 8

(Communications) between multiple branches of an artery provide numerous potential detours for blood flow in case the usual pathway is obstructed by compression due to the position of a joint, pathology, or surgical ligation.

Question 9

Veins

Answer 9

Generally return low-oxygen blood from the capillary beds to the heart, which gives them a dark blue appearance.

Question 10

Venules

Answer 10

The smallest veins. They drain capillary beds and join similar vessels to form small veins.

Question 11

Medium veins

Answer 11

Drain venous plexuses and accompany medium arteries. Examples include the named superficial veins (cephalic and basilic veins of the upper limbs and great and small saphenous veins of the lower limbs) and the accompanying veins that are named according to the artery they accompany.

Question 12

Large veins

Answer 12

Characterized by wide bundles of longitudinal smooth muscle and a well-developed tunica adventitia. An example is the superior vena cava.