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Intro to Kinesiology > quiz 2: Arthrokinematics and Biomechanics > Flashcards

quiz 2: Arthrokinematics and Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

manner in whih bones move in space without regard to the movement of joint surfaces. Ie. shoulder flexion/extension

A

osteokinematics

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2
Q

joint surface motion

A

arthrokinematics

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3
Q

new points on each surface come in contact throughout the movement

A

roll

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4
Q

one point on a surface contacts new points on adjacent surface (linear movement)

A

glide or slide

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5
Q

same point on each surface remains in contact

A

spin

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6
Q

quality of what is felt when a joint is moved passively to its end range and a slight pressure is applied

A

end feel

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7
Q

definite limit -> boney black

A

hard end feel

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8
Q

firm with slight give at limitation -> tension in joint capsule, ligaments, muscles/tendons

A

firm end feel

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9
Q

limitation due to soft tissue approximation and compression due to muscle or adipose tissue mass

A

soft end feel

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10
Q

limitation due to considerable pain; mechanical limitation not felt yet

A

empty end feel

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11
Q

The (convex or concave) shape of a bone moving on another bone determines the motion at the joint surface

A

convex-concave rule

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12
Q

If a convex surface moves over a concave surface, the glide is in the _____ direction of the moving body segment or the roll

A

opposite

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13
Q

If a concave surface moves over a convex surface, the glide is in the _____ direction of the moving body segment or the roll

A

same

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14
Q

hoe much of the joint surfaces are in contact with each other

A

joint congruency

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15
Q

joint surfaces have maximum contact; joint is tightly compressed; ligaments and joint capsule are taut.

A

close-packed or closed-pack position

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16
Q

joint surfaces have minimum contact; parts of joint capsule and ligaments are lax

A

open-packed or loose-packed position, or resting position

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17
Q

position usually used when testing a joint for stability

A

close-packed or closed-pack positions

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18
Q

position usually used for joint mobilizations including joint traction or distraction; used for positioning to help relieve pain in joints

A

open-packed or loose-packed positions, or resting positions

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19
Q

principles of forces and motion as applied to the structure and function of the human body

A

biomechanics

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20
Q

factors associated with nonmoving systems

A

statics

21
Q

factors associated with moving systems

A

dynamics

22
Q

an object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force

A

law of inertia

Newton’s 1st Law

23
Q

amount of acceleration depends on the strength of the force applied to an object

change in an object’s direction depends on the force applied

acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass of the object

A

law of acceleration

Newton’s 2nd Law

24
Q

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

A

law of action-reaction

Newton’s 3rd Law

25
Q

any influence that results in the movement of an object

A

force

26
Q

a quantity that describes magnitude and direction

A

vector

27
Q

examples: muscle, ligamentous restraint, bony support

A

internal force

28
Q

examples: gravity, weight, friction

A

external force

29
Q

2 or more forces acting along the same line

A

linear force

30
Q

forces that occur in the same plane and in the same or opposite direction

A

parallel force

31
Q

2 or more forces applied to the same point but pulling in different directions; resultant force is dependent on angles of pull and magnitude

A

concurrent forces

32
Q

2 or more forces acting in equal but opposite directions to facilitate a rotation

A

force couple

33
Q

a force that causes rotation about an axis

A

torque

34
Q

____ increases as the force applied increases or the distance from the axis increases

_____ = force x distance

A

torque

35
Q

the perpendicular distance between the force’s line of pull to the axis of rotation

A

moment arm

36
Q

torque that results in compression of joint; occurs at angles < 90 degrees

A

stabilizing force

37
Q

greatest at 90 degrees; decreases as stabilization or dislocation force increase

A

angular force

38
Q

torque that tends to pull a joint apart or destabilizes it; occurs with angles >90 degrees

A

dislocation force

39
Q

a state of equilibrium defined by the orientation of the center of gravity relative to the base of support

A

stability

40
Q

equilibrium: can be disturbed or upset only if the COG is elevated

A

Stable equilibrium

41
Q

equilibrium: minimal force required to disturb or upset

A

Unstable equilibrium

42
Q

equilibrium: COG unchanged when disturbed

A

Neutral equilibrium

43
Q

How to improve stability (5):

A
  • Lower COG
  • Increase BOS
  • Increase Mass
  • increase friction
  • focus on a stationary object
44
Q

a simple mechanical device that makes the work of moving a weight or other load easier

A

levers

45
Q

levers are composed of these 4 components:

A
  • a rigid bar/ bone called a lever
  • a fulcrum, or axis
  • a load, or resistance
  • a force, effort that produces movement
46
Q

____ will provide a mechanical advantage either in power or distance (ROM)

A

levers

47
Q

axis located between the force and the resistance F - A - R

A

first-class lever

48
Q

Resistance is between force and axis: A - R - F

Favors force and power

A

second-class lever

49
Q

Force is between axis and resistance: A - F - R

Favors ROM

A

Third-class lever

Intro to Kinesiology (4 decks)

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