Quiz 2

Question 1

What are the three components to sustainable communities?

Answer 1

economic security for all, healthy ecosystem, and social inclusion

Question 2

What are the seven capitals?

Answer 2

natural, cultural, human, political, built, social, and financial

Question 3

What are the three main institutional spheres?

Answer 3

Market, state, and civil society

Question 4

List some components of natural capital

Answer 4

Land, air, water, biodiversity, climate change, and energy sources

Question 5

What is the definition of cultural capital?

Answer 5

what we value, gives identity, determines what we think is right or problematic & what is possible, gives meaning

Question 6

What are are the two main basises for social stratification

Answer 6

functional importance and differential power

Question 7

What are the three theories of stratification discussed in class?

Answer 7

Marx-differential role in production; material relations
Weber-stratified by prestige & power
Bourdieu-social & mental structures of domination through families & communities across generations; developed concept of multiple capitals

Question 8

What are parents’ three main goals for their children?

Answer 8

1.place to live, 2. earn a living, 3. achieve personal fulfillment/quality of life

Question 9

What are some class differences in child rearing approaches?

Answer 9

Middle class-concerted cultivation: actively organize, focus on creativity, reasoning & autonomy, weak extended-family ties, interventions on behalf of child
Working class-accomplishment of natural growth; focus more on survival (food & security) than on success; obedience, allows child to grow, directives, strong extended-family ties

Question 10

What are three components of fostering constructive intergroup contact in desegregated schools?

Answer 10

Equal status for minority & majority group members (more than full citizenship but encompass approximately equal social or class status or ability)
Strong institutional support for positive relations
Cooperative interaction or mutual interdependence aimed toward achievement

Question 11

What are the main characteristics of the primary and secondary labor markets?

Answer 11

Primary-skilled, educated, high salaries, opportunities for advancement, achieved characteristics important
Secondary-low status, wages & benefits, little chance for advancement, ascribed characteristics utilized

Question 12

How do financial, built, human, cultural, and political capital affect human health?

Answer 12

Financial Capital (affordability)
Built Capital (health care facilities)
Cultural Capital & Health (diet & overconsumption)
Natural Capital & Health-(environmental conditions-environmental factors contribute to 28% developmental disorders in children)
Political Capital-(food & health policies -Affordibility Care Act)

Question 13

What is the definition of social capital?

Answer 13

Norms of reciprocity and mutual trust reinforced through a variety of processes.
Forming groups
Collaborating within & among groups
Developing a united view of a shared future
Building collective identity
Engaging in collective action

Question 14

What are pros and cons of social capital according to French theorist Pierre Bourdieu?

Answer 14

actual or potential resources derived from membership in a group or durable network guided by norms of reciprocity & trust
boundaries that exclude key community networks for various reasons (e.g. unconscious beliefs &prejudices; community members viewed as immature, undeserving or unworthy)

Question 15

What is Bonding social capital?

Answer 15

connections among individuals & groups with similar backgrounds, often affective or emotionally charged

Question 16

What is Bridging social capital

Answer 16

connections among diverse groups both within & outside the community, usually single-purpose

Question 17

Imagine a Punnett Square, but with Bonding and Bridging social capital

Answer 17

Low Bonding/Low Bridging-extreme individualism
High Bonding/Low Bridging- strong boundaries; conflict with outside/internal factionalism; resist change; distrust others
Low Bonding/High Bridging- clientelism; external elites via local elites
High Bonding/High Bridging- progressive participation; decisions based on common good; entrepreneurial social infrastructure

Question 18

What are the three pillars of sustainable food systems?

Answer 18

Environmentally sustainable
Economically viable
Socially responsible

Question 19

What are three important themes of sustainable food systems?

Answer 19

Public participation
New partnerships
Commitment to social, economic, & environmental justice principles

Question 20

What do food policy councils contribute?

Answer 20

Serve as forums for discussing food issues:
Foster coordination among sectors of the food system;
Evaluate & influence policy
Launch or support programs & services that address local needs

Question 21

What is the definition of a food desert?

Answer 21

an area with limited access to affordable & nutritious food, particularly such an area composed of predominantly lower income neighborhoods & communities

Question 22

What is the definition of political capital

Answer 22

a groups ability to influence the distributions of resources within a social unit/community, including helping set the agenda of what resources are available;

Question 23

Compare the pluralism and elitism theories of power in terms of assumptions and utilizations.

Answer 23

Pluralism (Dahl)
Assumes no dominant source of power
Utilizes event analysis technique
Elitism (Mills & Hunter)
Pyramidal structure of power
Utilizes reputational technique