quiz 2 Flashcards
how would i define ethics?
an individual’s personal beliefs about whether a behavior, action, or decision is right or wrong.
what is ethical behavior?
behavior that conforms to generally accepted social norms.
what is unethical behavior?
behavior that does not conform to generally accepted social norms.
an individuals ethics are formed by what combination of factors?
family, moral value, peers, and events
managerial ethics are what?
are standards of behavior
that guide individual managers in their work
who or what are the primary agents in an organization?
hiring and firing
wages and working conditions
privacy and respect
what interactions between agents and organization are subject to ethical ambiguities?
advertising and promotions financial disclosure orderning and purchasing shipping ans solicitations bargaining and negotiation other business relationships
the three common options for managing ethical behavior are?
creating ethic codes
applying moral judgement
maintaing organizational justice
the three step model when applying moral judgment is?
gathering relevant factual information
determining the most appropriate moral values
making an ethical judgement based on the rightness or wrongness of the proposed activity or policy
what is organizational justice?
is the perceptions of people in an organization regarding fairness
the four types of organizational justice are?
distributive justice
procedural justice
interpersonal justice
informational justice
what is the sarbanes-oxley act?
the sarbanes oxley act of 2002 requires ceo’s and cfo’s to vouch for the truthfulness of their firms financial disclosures
what is social responsibility?
the set of obligations an organization has to protect and enhance the societal context in which it functions.
in what three areas do organizations exercise social responsibility? toward
their stakeholder/s
natural environment
general social welfare
who or what is an organizational stakeholder?
person or organization who is directly
affected by the practices of an
organization and has a stake in its
performance
which groups of organizational stakeholders do most companies focus on?
employees
investors
customers
arguments for social responsibility are?
business creates problems and should solve them
corporations are citizens
business have the resources to help
business can profit from social responsability
arguments against social responsibility are?
business should imply focus on making profit
involvement gives business too much power
there is potential for conlfict of interest
organizations lack the expertise
what four stances can an organization take towards social responsibility?
obstructionist stance
proactive stance
defense stance
accommodative stance
how is business influenced by government? explain
environmental protection legislation consumer protection legislation employee protection legislation securities legislation tax codes
how is the government influenced by business? explain
personal contacts and networks
lobbying Business
political action committees
favors and other influence tactics
what are formal organizational actions?
legal compliance
ethical compliance
philanthropic giving
what are informal organization actions?
organizational leadership plus culture
whistle blowing
what is domestic business?
acquires all of its resources and sells all of its
products or services within a single country
what is interntional business?
is based in a single country but acquires meaningful
resources and/or revenues from other countries
what is multinational business?
uses a worldwide marketplace to buy materials,
borrow money, manufacture, and sell its products
what is global business?
transcends national boundaries and is not committed
to a single home country.
what seven strategies can an organization use to increase international activity?
exporting importing lecensing strategic alliance direct investment
what are some advantages and disadvantages of different approaches to internationalization?
small cash outlay
con tariffs and taxes
what are the three different elements of the global economy?
market economies
market systems
what is the market economy term?
a market economy is based on the private ownership of business that allows market factors such as supply and demand to determine business strategy
what are market systems?
clusters of countries that engage in high levels of trade with one another
what are some of the mature market economies and systems discussed?
NAFTA north americ free trade agreement
EU european union
Pacific Asia
what is the role of gatt and wto?
promote fair trade policies
reduce trade barriers
resolve trade disputes
what does the infrastructure mean?
schools, hospitals, power plants, railroads,
highways, ports, airfields, and distribution systems
make up infrastructure.
what does the nationalized term mean?
a company is taken over by the
government.
