e Flashcards
what is controlling
is setting an organization’s goals and deciding how best to achieve them
what is organizing?
how activities and resources are to be grouped
what is leading?
is motivating members of the organization to work in the bet interests of the organization
efficient means?
using resources wisely and in a costeffective
way
effective means?
aking the right decisions and
successfully implementing them
manager is someone whose
primary responsibility is to
carry out the management process.
what is an organization
a group of people working together
in a structured and coordinated
fashion to achieve a set of goals
what is management
is a set of activities – planning and decision
making, organizing, leading, and controlling – directed at
an organization’s human, financial, physical, and
information resources with the aim of achieving
organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner.
four examples of resources used by an organization are
human resources, financial resources, physical resources information resources
what are four functions or basic activities of management?
Planning and decision making settings the organizations goals and decing howto best ahieve them
Organizing determining how best to group activities ad resources
Controlling monitoring and correcting ongoing activites to facilitate attainment
Leading motivating memebrs of the organization to work in the bet interests of the organization
what are the three level of managers?
Top managers
Middle Managers
First Line Managers employees
what are top managers?
small group create goals
whata are middle managers?
implement policies and plans of top managers, supervise and coordinate the activies of lower level managers
what are first line managers?
supervise and coordinate the activities of operating
what are the six areas of management?
Marketing Financial operations Human resources Administrative are generalists and familiar with all areas of management
what is marketing management?
sell the product and work in new-product
development, promotion, and distribution
what is finacial management?
undertake accounting, cash management,
and investments.
what is human resources management?
hire and develop employees.
what are three managerial roles?
Interpersonal Roles Figurehead Leader Liaison Involves dealing with other people.
Informational Roles Monitor Disseminator, spokesperson Involves the processing of
information.
Decisional Roles Entrepreneur Disturbance handler Resource allocator Negotiator Relates
primarily to making decisions.
what are seven managerial skills?
Technical needed to accomplish specific work
Interpersonal ability to communicate
understand motivate
Conceptual ability to think in the abstract
Diagnostic ability to visualize most
appropriate response
Communiation effectively convey ideas to
others and effectively receive information
from others
Decision making skills ability to recognize
define problems opprtunities and resolve or
capitalize on them
Time management skills ability to prioritze
work efficiently delegate appropriately
what is a theory?
A conceptual framework for
organizing knowledge and
providing a blueprint for action.
describe the classical management perspective?
consists of two branches scientific and administrative management
focuses on ways to improve the production of workers
decribe the scientific branch
Focuses on ways to
improve the
production of
individual workers.
decribe the administrative branch of classical management perspective
Focuses on managing
the total organization.
frederick taylor developed what
the four step methid to overcome working below potential
what are some of the four step method contributions?
laid the foundation to management theory
identified key processes functions and
skills
made management a valid subject to study
what is behavior management perspective?
empahizes individual attitudes and behaviors and group processes
humans relation grew from what studies
from hawthorne studies argued that workers respond primarily to the social context of the workplace
the three basic needs in maslows theory are?
basic physchological self fullfilment
explain douglass mcgregor’s theory x?
pesimistic view of workers view of scientific managements
explain douglas mc gregor theory y?
a positive view of workers represents assumptions that humans relations advocates make
contributions of behavioral managemnt are?
gave insights into interpersonal processes
focused on these processes
viewed employees as resources
what does quantative management perspective focus on?
descision making economic effectiveness mathematical models, and the use of computers
what are the two branches of the quantative approach?
management science development mathematical models
operations management help organization produce efficiently
contributions of quantative management perspective today are?
techniques to assist decision making
increased awareness of complex
processes
describe the system perspective
By viewing organizations as systems, managers can better understand the importance of their
environment and the level of interdependence subsystems within the organization. Managers
must also understand how their decisions affect and are affected by the other subsystems
within the organization
what is a system?
an interrelated set of elements
functioning as a whole
what is an open system?
interacts with its
environment
what is a closed system?
does not interact with its
environment
what is a subsystem?
is a system within another system
what is synergy?
two or more subsystems working together more than the total of what they might produce w orking alone
what is entropy?
is a normal process leading to system decline
what is the universal perspective?
tries to identify
the “one best way” to do something.
what is the contingency perspective?
suggests appropriate managerial behaviors in a given situation believes each organization is unique
what are contemporary management challenges today?
unpredictablle economy globalization presents may challenges ethics and social responsibility quality is the basis for competition the shift toward service economy the role and impact of social media
what are two organization environments?
external environment and internal environment
external is everything outside organization that might affect it
internal environemnt is conditions and forces within an organization
what are two external environments?
the general environement and the task environment
who are the members in the general environment?
general environment is the set broad of dimension and forces in an organization surroundings that create its overall
context
who are the members in the task environment?
specific groups or organization that influence an organization
what is multiculturalism?
issues associated with differences in values, beliefs, behaviors, customs, and attitudes held by people in different
cultures.
who is part of the internal environment?
owners who claim property rights to an organization
board of directors governing body to ensure its run
in best way for stockholders interests
what is organizational culture?
set of values beliefs behaviors customs attitudes that help members in organization understand wahat it
stands for how and what it considers important
what is the importance of organizational culture?
shape firms effectiveness and long term success increase productivity
what are the determinants of the organizational culture?
starts withthe founder develops over a long period of time
detemined by corporate success and shared experiences
what is multiculturalism?
issues associated with differences in values, beliefs, behaviors, customs, and attitudes held by people in different
cultures.
what is diversity?
members differ from one another along on e or more important dimensions
what are some resons for increasing diversity andmulticulturalism?
increased awareness that diversity improves the quality of the workforce and the globalization movement
what does a glass ceiling mean?
perceived barrier keeping women from advancing to top management
what are three basic perspectives on how environments affect an organization?
environmental change and complexity
competitive forces
environmental turbulence
what are the five competitive forces?
threat of new entrants competitive rivalry threat of subsitute products power of buyers power of suppliers
what is environmental turbulence?
changes in the environment expected or not expected to happen
what are the six basic mechanism through which organizations adapt to their environments?
social responsibility information management mergers acquisition and alliance direct influence strategic response
what is social responsability?
boundary spanner someone who spends much of their time with others outside the organization to learn what other organizations are doing
what is information management?
electronic systems which gather organizations and summarize information
What 4 important purposes do Goals serve?
provide guidance and unified direction affects others aspects of planning effective goal setting promotes good planning good planning facilitates future goal setting specific and moderately difficult goals can motivate employees goals provide an effective mechanism for evaluation and control
goals vary by three things in organzations?
level
area
timeframe
Organizations establish many different kinds of goals. These goals vary by what 3 things?
strategic
tatical
operational
mission statemt
What are the time frames of planning discussed?
long term
intermediate
and short term
what is an action plan?
it operationalizes any other plan
what is a reaction plan?
reacts to unfroseen events
what is contingency planning?
The determination of alternative courses of action to be
taken if an intended plan is unexpectedly disrupted or
rendered inappropriate.
what is crisis management?
The set of procedures the organization uses in the event
of a disaster or other unexpected calamity.
what is a tactical plan?
A plan aimed at achieving tactical
goals, developed to implement
specific parts of a strategic plan.
two types of operational plans discussed are?
single use plans
and standing plans
major barriers to goal setting and planning are?
innapropriate goals
improper reward system
resistance to change
management by objectives is?
A formal goal-setting process involving collaboration
between managers and subordinates.
the six steps in the formal goal setting process are?
starting the formal goal settings porgram
establishment of the organizational goals and plans
collaborative goalsetting and planning
communicative
periodic view
evaluation
strengths of formal goal setting are?
improved motivation
enhanced communication
focuses on appropriate goals
weaknesses of formal goal setting are?
poor implementation
lack of top management support
assinged goals lead to lack of communtment resentment
