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Spinal Anatomy > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Upper Trapezius insertion

A

Insertion: downward and laterally into the lateral third of the clavicle

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2
Q

Innervation of trapezius

A

Motor fibers from XI cranial nerve (accessory nerve) and sensory fibers from the cervical nerves C3 and C4

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3
Q

Action of trapezius

A

Suspends the shoulder from the skull and vertebral column
Upper fibers elevate the scapula
Middle fibers pull the scapula medially
Lower fibers pull medial border of scapula downward

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4
Q

Origin and insertion of Latissimus dorsi

A

Swimmer’s muscle
Spinous processes of T6 - L5 and iliac crests of lower 4 ribs
Insertion - Intertubercular groove of Humerus

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5
Q

Innervation and action of Latissimus dorsi

A

Innervation: C6-C8 spinal nerves (Thoracodorasal N.)
Action: adducts, extends, and rotates arm medially

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6
Q

Origin and insertion of Levator Scapulae

A

Origin: TVP of C1 - C4
Insertion: medial border (superior angle) of the scapula

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7
Q

Action and innervation of Levator scapulae

A

Action: extends cervical spine in bilateral contraction. Unilateral contraction = lateral flexion and rotation of the neck to the same side. Elevates scapula
Innervation: C3, C4, and C5 (Dorsal Scapular nerve)

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8
Q

Retractors of the scapula

A

Rhomboideus Minor and Major

Middle portion of the Trapexius

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9
Q

Upward rotators of the scapula

A 
Upper and lower Trapezius
Serratus Anterior (punching muscle)
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10
Q

Downward rotators of the scapula

A

Rhomboideus minor and major

Levator Scapulae

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11
Q

Insertion and origin of serratus posterior superior

A

Insertion: upper border of ribs T2- T5
Origin: SP f C7-T3, ligamentum nuchae, supraspinal ligament

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12
Q

Insertion and origin of Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

Origin: SP of T11-L3
Insertion: inferior border of ribs T9-T12 ribs

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13
Q

Splenius capitis origin and insertion

A

Splenius = bandage
Capitus = head
Origin: lower half of ligamentum nuchae and SP of C7-T4
Insertion: superior to mastoid on occiput of temporal bone

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14
Q

Splenius cervicis origin and insertion

A

Origin: SP T3-T6
Insertion: TVP of C1-C3 (deep to levator scapulae muscle)

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15
Q

What are the strongest muscles in the back that take on most of the work?

A

Erector Spinae

Intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles

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16
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum origin and insertion

A

Origin: median sacral crest and SP of lumbar spine
Insertion: lower border of T6 - T12 ribs

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17
Q

Iliocostalis Thoracis origin and insertion

A

Origin: superior surface of lower 6 ribs
Insertion: upper border of T1-T6 ribs

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18
Q

Iliocostalis Cervicis origin and insertion

A

Origin: Superior border of upper 6 ribs
Insertion: TVP of C4, 5, 6 vertebrae

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19
Q

Longissiums Thoracis origin and insertion

A

Origin: TVP of all lumbar
Insertion: TVP of thoracic, T3-T12

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20
Q

Spinalis Thoracis origin and insertion

A

Origin: SP of T11-L2
Insertion: SP T1-T8

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21
Q

What muscle is the cause of primary lower back pain?

A

Quadratus Lumborum

Refers pain into the Sacro-Iliac joint from pulling hips out of alignment and cause stress to the joint

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22
Q

Quadratus Lumborum action

A 
Unilateral: lateral flex the spine
Bilateral: extends vertebral column
Lifts ilium up
Important for balance
“Hip Hiker Muscle”
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23
Q

What is the thickest and strongest muscle in the lumbar region?

A

Multifidus

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24
Q

Muscle fibers

A

Thick and thin filaments linked by cross bridges
T-tubules spread electrical pulses across a myofibril
Cross bridges only require energy to break them

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25
Q

Extrinsic vs. intrinsic muscles

A 
Extrinsic = movement of shoulder and upper extremity
Intrinsic = movement of vertebral column
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26
Q

Superficial spinal column muscles

A

Trapezius

Latissimus dorsi

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27
Q

Middle layer spinal column muscles

A 
Splenius (2)
spinal extensors (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
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28
Q

Deep muscles of the spinal column list and function

A

Interconnect and stabilize the vertebrae
Transversospinal group (Multifidus, rotatores, semispinalis, interspinalis)
Intertransverseraii

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29
Q

Superficial extrinsic back muscles (connect upper extremities to the upper trunk)

A

Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi

Rhomboids (2)
Levator scapulae

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30
Q

Intermediate extrinsic back muscles

A

Associated w/ respiration
Serratus Posterior Superior
Serratus Posterior Inferior

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31
Q

Middle trapezius insertion

A

Horizontally into the acromion and upper border of the spine of scapula

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32
Q

Lower trapezius insertion

A

Fibers directed upwards and lateral to insert on the medial end of the spine of scapula

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33
Q

Rhomboid major origin and insertion

A

Origin: SP of T2-T5
Insertion: Medial border of scapula

34
Q

Rhomboid minor origin and insertion

A

Origin: w/ inferior part of ligamentum nuchae, SP of C7 & T1
Insertion: medial border of scapula

35
Q

Rhomboid major and minor innervation and action

A

Innervation: Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)
Action: Adducts scapula so that inferior moves medially (pinning scapula to the trunk)

36
Q

Elevators of the scapula

A

Levator Scapula
Trapezius
Rhomboideus minor and major

37
Q

Intermediate extrinsic muscles

A

Serratus posterior inferior and superior

38
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior action and innervation

A

Action: aids in respiration by raising ribs during inspiration
Innervation: Intercostal nerves of T2-T5

39
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior action and innervation

A

Action: Aids in respiration by depressing ribs during expiration
Innervation: Intercostal nerves of T9-T12

40
Q

Splenius capitis action and innervation

A

Action: Bilateral contraction = extends head
Unilateral contraction = laterally flexes and rotates head to same side
Innervation: C4, 5, 6, (7,8)

41
Q

Splenius cervicis action and innervation

A

Action: Bilateral contraction = extends head
Unilateral contraction = laterally flexes and rotates head to same side
Innervation: C4, 5, 6, (7,8)

42
Q

Palpation of the splenius capitis and cervicis

A

Between posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid and anterior edge of upper trapezius as the head and neck are rotating

These muscles are known to cause headaches

43
Q

Function of the intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles

A

Erector spinae muscles

To maintain normal curvature of the spine and extend the vertebral column

44
Q

Erector spinae muscles

A

3 columns:
Iliocostalis - lateral group (lumborum, Thoracis, cervicis)
Longissimus - intermediate group (Thoracis, cervicis, capitis)
Spinalis - medial (Thoracis, cervicis, capitis)

45
Q

Iliocostalis Lumborum origin and insertion

A

Origin: median sacral crest and SP of lumbar spine
Insertion: lower border of T6-T12 ribs

46
Q

Iliocostalis Thoracis origin and insertion

A

Origin: superior surface of lower 6 ribs
Insertion: upper border of T1-T6 ribs

47
Q

Iliocostalis cervicis origin and insertion

A

Origin: Superior border of upper 6 ribs
Insertion: TVP of C4, 5, 6

48
Q

Longissimus Thoracis origin and insertion

A

Origin: TVP of lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: TVP of thoracic vertebrae, T3-T12 ribs

49
Q

Longissimus cervicis origin and insertion

A

Origin: TVP of T1-T4
Insertion: TVP of C4-6

50
Q

Longissimus capitis origin and insertion

A

Origin: TVP of T1-4, articular pillar of C4-C1
Insertion: posterior margin of the mastoid process

51
Q

Spinalis Thoracis origin and insertion

A

Origin: SP of L1 & 2, T11 & 12
Insertion: SP T1-8 vertebrae

52
Q

Spinalis Capitis origin and insertion

A

Origin: Spinous Processes of C-2 through C-4
Insertion: Occipital bone between Superior and Inferior Nuchal lines (inconsistent muscle fibers because it is usually inseparably connected with the semispinalis captis)

53
Q

Spinalis Cervicis origin and insertion

A

Origin: SP C-6 through T-2 (ligamentum Nuchae).
Insertion: Spinous Processes of C-2 through C-4

54
Q

Longus capitis origin and insertion

A

Origin: anterior tubercles of the TVP of C3-6
Insertion: basilar part of the occipital bone

55
Q

Longus capitis innervation and action

A

Nerve Supply: C1-C3/C4

Actions: flexion of neck at atlanto-occipital joint

56
Q

Longus colli origin and insertion

A

Origin: TVP of C5-T3
Insertion: Anterior arch of the atlas

57
Q

Longus colli innervation and action

A

Nerve Supply: C2-C6

Actions: Flexes the neck and head

58
Q

Quadratus Lumborum origin and insertion

A

Origin: Iliac crest. Iliolumbar ligament
Insertion: TVPs of lumbar vertebrae. 12th rib

59
Q

Quadratus lumborum innervation and action

A

Action:
• Unilateral: Laterally flexion of the trunk
• Bilateral: Extend vertebral column
Nerve supply: L-1 to L-3.

60
Q

What is the largest muscle that crosses the Lumbosacral joint?

A

Quadratus Lumborum

61
Q

Deep intrinsic back muscles

A

Transversospinal group:

  • semispinalis group
  • multifidus
  • rotatores
62
Q

Overall origin and insertion of transversospinal group

A

Origin: TVP
Insertion: SP 2-4 segments above

63
Q

Transversospinal action

A

Rotate spine to the opposite side

64
Q

What region is the Multifidus prominent in?

A

Lumbar

Multifidus are short, trianglular and angle superiorly and medially

65
Q

Semispinalis Thoracic origin and insertion

A

Origin: TVP of T6-10
Insertion: SP of C6-T

66
Q

Semispinalis Capitis origin and insertion

A

Origin: TVP of T1-6, articular processes of C4-7
Insertion: occipital bone

67
Q

Semispinalis Cervicis origin and insertion

A

Origin: T1-6, articular processes of C4-7
Insertion: SP of C2-5

68
Q

Multifidus insertion and origin

A

Origin: Back of sacrum, mammillary processes of lumbar, TVP of thoracic, articular processes of C4-7
Insertion: SP above point of origin

69
Q

Multifidus action and innervation

A

action: extension, lateral flexion, rotation to opposite side
innervation: posterior ramus of all spinal nerves

70
Q

Cancellous bone

A
  • Inner layer of soft and spongy bone

- trabeculae

71
Q

Cortical bone

A
  • Dense, outer shell of bone

- Haversian system

72
Q

Cancellous bone supports __% of the _______ before

and __% after the age of __.

A

55% before of the compressive load and 35% after the age of 40

73
Q

The cortex bone supports __% of the compressive load before the age of 40 and __% after then.

A

45% before and 65% after

74
Q

Roof of the IVF

A

inferior pedicle notch of the superior vertebrae

75
Q

Floor of the IVF

A

Superior pedicle notch of the inferior vertebrae

76
Q

Posterior wall of the IVF

A

Articular process

77
Q

Anterior wall of the IVF

A

Cervical and Lumbar spine: posterior lateral margins of vertebral body above and below and the disc between them

Thoracic spine: posterior lateral margin of the vertebral body above only and the disc

78
Q

Intervertebral foramen

A
  • Where spinal roots leave the spinal cord
  • from C2 to the sacrum
  • largest in the lumbar region
79
Q

Flexion of the spine vs. of the vertebrae

A

Vertebrae: opens IVF
Spine: C/L decreases lordosis but increases T kpyhosis

80
Q

Extension of the spine vs. vertebrae

A

Vertebrae: closes IVF
spine: increases C/L lordosis and decreases T kyphosis

Spinal Anatomy (2 decks)

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