Quiz 2 Flashcards
Picoplankton
Cyanobacteria: contribute major photosynthetic activity in ocean, can fix nitrogen
Nanoplankton
coccolithophores: reflective plates reflect sunlight to prevent algae from getting too much sunlight
Microplankton
Diatoms: have frustule made of glass.silica, unicellular, but can join to form chains, counterbalance weight by storing E as lipids to help float
Green Seaweed
Phylum Chlorophyta
not a lot of diversity, thin & simple
Red Seaweed
Phylum Rodophyta
extremely high diversity, alternating life cycle, male and female instead of +/- (immobile gametes)
Brown Seaweed
Phylum Phaeophyta
Phylum Porifera
Sponges (loose groups of cells grouped together)
- suspension feeders (gets nutrients from influx of water)
- can do both sexual & asexual reproduction
- Benthic (attached to bottom)
- has Spicules (spines/spikes for structure and protection)
Phylum Cnidaria
Jellies, anemones, and coral:
- in medusa phase: can travel farther/find food
- in polyp phase: don’t have to expend E to find food
- has RADIAL symmetry
- only has mouth
- has tentacles w/ cnidoblasts/nematocytes
- Has mesoglea (acellular goo)
Phylum Ctenophora
Comb Jellies
- ciliary combs used for movement, react light and cause rainbow color
- carnivore
- have male and female reproductive parts (free spawn)
Benefits of Bilateral Symmetry
good for regeneration, hydrodynamic, more specialization
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Flat worms
- bilateral symmetry, thin
- mouth/anus combined
- diffusion for gas exchange
- can be carnivores/herbivores/detrivores
- sexual & asexual reproduction
Phylum Nemertea
Ribbon Worms
- complete gut
- true circulatory system
- carnivores w/ eversible proboscis
- sexual & asexual reproduction
Phylum Nematoda
Roundworms
- tiny
- smooth elastic cuticle
- complete gut
- some are parasitic
Phylum Annelida
Segmented worms
- segmentation allows for specialized parts, good for body size.
- defining characteristic = chaetae (bristles that help protect and move worm)
Class Polychaeta (2 types)
Errant (moving) and sedentary (sessile)
Phylum Bryozoa
Bryozoans
- colonial
- tentacles for feeding and respiration (lophophores)
- good @ asexual reproduction and regeneration
Phylum Mollusca
Mollusks
- attached to shell
- complicated digestion
- muscular foot
- has mantle (layer of protective tissue covering soft parts, creating the shell)
- have Radula (strand of sharp tissue used for grasping/digging)
4 Classes of the Mollusca
Polyplacophora: Chitons
- circular/oval shaped
- contains 8 shell plates
- no eyes or tentacles
Gastropoda: (nudibranch/moon snail)
- most have gills
- bright colors indicate presence of poison
Bivalvia:
- have inhalant and exhaling opening (siphons)
- anterior and posterior adductor muscles open and close shell
- uses Palp to sort things into food/not food
- burrows into sand/mud or attach to hard rock
Cephalopoda:
- Internal or external shell (except in octopus)
- Carnivores
- Radula, often in the form of a beak
- Good eyes
- Often have ink sack
- Sophisticated nervous system, can learn/remember
Phylum Arthropods
defined by segmented body
- main segments = head, abdomen, and thorax
- specialized appendages
- molts exoskeleton made of chiton
Subphylum of Arthropods
Chelicerata: land/sea spiders, horseshoe crabs
-6 appendages, specialized feeding appendages
Crustacea:
- lots of specialization (legs for swimming/walking/crushing)
- –Krill - crucial line between primary production and rest of food web
- –Decapods - largest group/high diversity, have larval stage to avoid competition w/ adults, can travel far
- –Copepods - have large antennae, can adapt to live in extreme conditions
Phylum Echinodermata
- defined by spines/spikes
- calcium carbonate ossicles
- have 5 pt radial symmetry
- have nerve net (no brain)
- tube feet (h2o vascular system)
Class asteroidea (echinoderm)
Sea stars
Class Ophiuroidea (echinoderm)
Brittle Stars
- made mostly of vesicles and ossicles (small calcareous elements embedded in the dermis of the body wall, give structure)
- don’t have tube feet
- range from filter feeders to carnivores
Class echinodea (echinoderm)
Urchins
- no arms/appendages
- mostly herbivores
- have 5 different teeth
