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Marine Science > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Picoplankton

A

Cyanobacteria: contribute major photosynthetic activity in ocean, can fix nitrogen

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2
Q

Nanoplankton

A

coccolithophores: reflective plates reflect sunlight to prevent algae from getting too much sunlight

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3
Q

Microplankton

A

Diatoms: have frustule made of glass.silica, unicellular, but can join to form chains, counterbalance weight by storing E as lipids to help float

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4
Q

Green Seaweed

A

Phylum Chlorophyta

not a lot of diversity, thin & simple

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5
Q

Red Seaweed

A

Phylum Rodophyta

extremely high diversity, alternating life cycle, male and female instead of +/- (immobile gametes)

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6
Q

Brown Seaweed

A

Phylum Phaeophyta

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7
Q

Phylum Porifera

A

Sponges (loose groups of cells grouped together)

  • suspension feeders (gets nutrients from influx of water)
  • can do both sexual & asexual reproduction
  • Benthic (attached to bottom)
  • has Spicules (spines/spikes for structure and protection)
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8
Q

Phylum Cnidaria

A

Jellies, anemones, and coral:

  • in medusa phase: can travel farther/find food
  • in polyp phase: don’t have to expend E to find food
  • has RADIAL symmetry
  • only has mouth
  • has tentacles w/ cnidoblasts/nematocytes
  • Has mesoglea (acellular goo)
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9
Q

Phylum Ctenophora

A

Comb Jellies

  • ciliary combs used for movement, react light and cause rainbow color
  • carnivore
  • have male and female reproductive parts (free spawn)
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10
Q

Benefits of Bilateral Symmetry

A

good for regeneration, hydrodynamic, more specialization

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11
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes

A

Flat worms

  • bilateral symmetry, thin
  • mouth/anus combined
  • diffusion for gas exchange
  • can be carnivores/herbivores/detrivores
  • sexual & asexual reproduction
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12
Q

Phylum Nemertea

A

Ribbon Worms

  • complete gut
  • true circulatory system
  • carnivores w/ eversible proboscis
  • sexual & asexual reproduction
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13
Q

Phylum Nematoda

A

Roundworms

  • tiny
  • smooth elastic cuticle
  • complete gut
  • some are parasitic
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14
Q

Phylum Annelida

A

Segmented worms

  • segmentation allows for specialized parts, good for body size.
  • defining characteristic = chaetae (bristles that help protect and move worm)
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15
Q

Class Polychaeta (2 types)

A

Errant (moving) and sedentary (sessile)

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16
Q

Phylum Bryozoa

A

Bryozoans

  • colonial
  • tentacles for feeding and respiration (lophophores)
  • good @ asexual reproduction and regeneration
17
Q

Phylum Mollusca

A

Mollusks

  • attached to shell
  • complicated digestion
  • muscular foot
  • has mantle (layer of protective tissue covering soft parts, creating the shell)
  • have Radula (strand of sharp tissue used for grasping/digging)
18
Q

4 Classes of the Mollusca

A

Polyplacophora: Chitons

  • circular/oval shaped
  • contains 8 shell plates
  • no eyes or tentacles

Gastropoda: (nudibranch/moon snail)

  • most have gills
  • bright colors indicate presence of poison

Bivalvia:

  • have inhalant and exhaling opening (siphons)
  • anterior and posterior adductor muscles open and close shell
  • uses Palp to sort things into food/not food
  • burrows into sand/mud or attach to hard rock

Cephalopoda:

  • Internal or external shell (except in octopus)
  • Carnivores
  • Radula, often in the form of a beak
  • Good eyes
  • Often have ink sack
  • Sophisticated nervous system, can learn/remember
19
Q

Phylum Arthropods

A

defined by segmented body

  • main segments = head, abdomen, and thorax
  • specialized appendages
  • molts exoskeleton made of chiton
20
Q

Subphylum of Arthropods

A

Chelicerata: land/sea spiders, horseshoe crabs
-6 appendages, specialized feeding appendages

Crustacea:

  • lots of specialization (legs for swimming/walking/crushing)
  • –Krill - crucial line between primary production and rest of food web
  • –Decapods - largest group/high diversity, have larval stage to avoid competition w/ adults, can travel far
  • –Copepods - have large antennae, can adapt to live in extreme conditions
21
Q

Phylum Echinodermata

A
  • defined by spines/spikes
  • calcium carbonate ossicles
  • have 5 pt radial symmetry
  • have nerve net (no brain)
  • tube feet (h2o vascular system)
22
Q

Class asteroidea (echinoderm)

A

Sea stars

23
Q

Class Ophiuroidea (echinoderm)

A

Brittle Stars

  • made mostly of vesicles and ossicles (small calcareous elements embedded in the dermis of the body wall, give structure)
  • don’t have tube feet
  • range from filter feeders to carnivores
24
Q

Class echinodea (echinoderm)

A

Urchins

  • no arms/appendages
  • mostly herbivores
  • have 5 different teeth
25
Q

Class Holothuroidea (echinoderm)

A

Sea Cucumbers

  • have 5 bands of longitudinal muscle running down body
  • Have Cloaca (multi purpose orifice)
  • eats detritus
  • soft body w/ muscles
  • modified tube feet
  • have eviceration (spit out organs)
26
Q

Invertebrate Chordates

A

“protochordates”: Lancelets and tunicates

  • have gill slits, dorsal nerve chord, post anal tail
  • NO BACKBONE

Marine Science (2 decks)

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