Quiz 2

Question 1

To qualify for organic, cattle must have access to pasture for a minimum of?

Answer 1

120d/year (unless the growing season is longer…they should have access throughout the growing season)

Question 2

Which type of cattle are not required to have >30% of the DMI come from pasture?

Answer 2

slaughter stock in last 1/5 of life (<120d)

Question 3

In which type of organic cattle are parasiticides prohibited?

Answer 3

cattle that will become organic MEAT

Question 4

Due to the increased grazing requirements, organic meat may contain higher concentrations of?

Answer 4

Phytoestrogens

Question 5

1 reason for culling on dairy farms?

Answer 5

reproduction

Question 6

Name the 4 inherent barriers to infection for the udder

Answer 6

1) teat sphincter
2) Furstenburg’s rosette
3) keratin plug
4) milk components (PMNs)

Question 7

Name the 5 most common isolates from cow mastitis

Answer 7

1) Strep agalactia
2) Staph aureus
3) Strep uberis
4) Strep dysgalactia
5) E. coli

Question 8

Of the common mastitis pathogens, which are considered CUPs

Answer 8

1) Strep agalactia
2) Staph aureus

*also C. bovis & Mycoplasma

Question 9

Though most CUPs cause subclinical mastitis, which one is commonly assoc. with CLINICAL cases of mastitis?

Answer 9

Mycoplasma

Question 10

Which CUP can be difficult to detect due to intermittent shedding of low bacterial numbers

Answer 10

Staph aureus

Question 11

For which CUP are antibiotics ineffective? Why?

Answer 11

Mycoplasma–lack of cell wall

Question 12

Which CUP is assoc. with the highest bacterial counts, making bulk tank culturing an effective diagnostic tool?

Answer 12

Strep agalactia

Question 13

High coliform counts in the bulk tank correlate with?

Answer 13

wet milking

*NOT with coliform mastitis

Question 14

What mastitis organism would you expect to find in cows with unhealthy/damaged teats

Answer 14

Coagulase negative Staph organisms

**can also be found on hands of milkers

Question 15

Which soil-borne organism can cause gangrenous changes if it infects the udder?

Answer 15

Bacillus cereus

Question 16

Coliform mastitis has a higher incidence in herds with a (LOW/HIGH) SCC (pick one)

Answer 16

LOW

lack of neutrophils could be predisposing?

Question 17

What are the 3 areas tested for milk quality

Answer 17

1) SCC
2) bacterial counts
3) adulterants

Question 18

What is the official test/gold standard for determination of BTSCC (as far as degrading a producer from market)

Answer 18

Direct microscopic cell count

Question 19

A cow-side test that checks milk from each quarter for SCC by adding a reagent that clumps the DNA

Answer 19

California mastitis test

Question 20

What is the main goal of monitoring SCC?

Answer 20

Prevention

Question 21

Name the 2 most common reasons a bulk tank may have elevated SPC?

Answer 21

1) inadequately cleaned equipment

2) inadequate cooling

Question 22

Though the regulatory limit for SPC is < 100,000 and reasonable on-farm goal would be much lower at about ______?

Answer 22

< 5,000 CFU/ml

Question 23

If you culture a high PI count but your SPC was not high, what organism should you expect is contaminating the milk?

Why do we care?

Answer 23

Pseudomonas

elevated numbers are assoc. with decreased shelf-life (NOT a public health concern)

Question 24

Which spp. of bacteria is most commonly assoc. with elevated LPS counts?

Answer 24

Bacillus

Question 25

Most commonly detected adulterant in milk?

Answer 25

Water

Question 26

What is the official test for checking for antibiotics in milk?

Answer 26

Bacillus sterothothermophilus disc assay

*test for inhibitors of bacterial growth

Question 27

What are the 4 major segments in the beef industry?

Answer 27

1) cow-calf producers
2) backgrounder/stocker
3) feedlots
4) processors (slaughter)