Final--Swine Material

Question 1

“Grow-Finish” generally describes which phase of pig production?

Answer 1

post-weaning

Question 2

What is the lower critical temperature (LCT)?

Answer 2

temp at which the pig must eat more and/or modify its behavior to remain comfortable

Question 3

What is the main measure(s) of production for the following systems?

1) breeding herd
2) growing herd

Answer 3

1) pigs per sow per year (also pig wean weight)

2) Feed efficiency & ADG

Question 4

Concerning spermatogenesis, what is the most common cause of abnormal sperm? How long do you have to wait to re-check sperm after abnormalities are seen?

Answer 4

Heat stress

45d–length of spermatogenesis cycle

Question 5

What is the average WSI? Days in estrus?

Answer 5

WSI= 4-7 d

Estrus= 1-3d (standing heat)

Shorter WSI= longer estrus= more fertile

Question 6

Cardinal sign of estrus in sow?

Answer 6

standing in response to boar exposure

Question 7

The ideal range for lactation length?

Answer 7

18-24d

Question 8

When does MRP occur in sows? What is the signal?

Answer 8

~ day 12

Fetal estrogens

remember the role of return to estrus if pregnancy is lost before or after this time

Question 9

When performing pregnancy checks on gilts/sows, how far into her pregnancy should be be before being considered “safely” pregnant?

Answer 9

30-35d

Question 10

You visit a farm because the producer tells you his herd is having a lot of reproductive issues–his stillbirth rate is >10% and there are also increased mummies. When you arrive, you are able to perform necropsy on one of the dead piglets. You find evidence of severe interstitial pneumonia. In addition, the producer tells you even the piglets that are surviving are weak and “don’t breathe well”. Based on this history, what is your top differential? What is something you can recommend to the producer to help get control of this problem?

Answer 10

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)

Recommend serum injections and to improve disinfection techniques. (survive freezing but not heat/drying)

Question 11

What is one feature of PRRS that makes it so difficult to control?

Answer 11

It’s ability to establish persistent infection

Question 12

PCV2 typically affects pigs in which stage of production?

Answer 12

early finisher

Question 13

What is the prognosis for finisher pigs that develop PDNS?

What preventative measure works best to prevent PCVAD?

Answer 13

grave–usually die

Vaccination–@ weaning

Question 14

Which of the following swine diseases is a multi-systemic disease causing CNS signs and death in baby pigs, respiratory disease and CNS signs in growing pigs, and reproductive disease, including abortions, stillbirths and weak pigs in the breeding herd?

Answer 14

Pseudorabies

• herpes virus (suis herpes 1)
• eradicated from domestic pigs

Question 15

Which spp. of Salmonella is most commonly associated with systemic disease in pigs?

Answer 15

S. cholera-suis

Question 16

In addition to the classic “diamond skin” lesions seen with Erysipelas, it commonly affects which other body systems as well? (2)

Answer 16

Cardiovascular (valvular endocarditis)

Joints (enlarged)

Question 17

A producer calls you because many of his sows are currently off-feed and don’t seem to be doing well. A few that he has checked also seem to be running a fever. In addition, the abortion and stillborn rate has significantly increased.
When you perform necropsy you find small grey foci on the kidney with a hyperemic ring… you are suspicious of what as the cause?

Answer 17

Leptospirosis

Question 18

A good preventative strategy for herds struggling with parvo virus?

Answer 18

Feedback!

natural infection= lifetime immunity

Question 19

Which organism is most commonly isolated from abnormal purulent vaginal discharge in sows?

Answer 19

Actinobaculum suis

Question 20

Colibacillosis in piglets is assoc. with which type of diarrhea?

Answer 20

hypersecretory–due to toxin production

Question 21

If a producer claims his most recent piglets were “born with diarrhea” you should suspect which organism? What feature is LACKING on histopath that can also give you a clue?

Answer 21

E. coli

A lack of villous atrophy

Question 22

Which pathogen of baby pigs (~3d old) presents with villous atrophy, hemorrhage, AND necrosis?

What treatment is best?

Answer 22

C. perfringens type C

Penicillins (prophylactic)

Question 23

A producer calls you for advice because several of his nursing pigs (~9d old) have broken with diarrhea. He has tried several rounds of antibiotics but none seem to be effective. What condition might you suspect based on age and history?

What treatment can you recommend?

Answer 23

Coccidiosis–Isospora suis

Toltrazuril

Question 24

What disease should you suspect with the following clues:

• -vomiting & severe diarrhea in pigs < 2 weeks
• -rapid weight loss
• -markedly shortened villi in jejunum & ileum

Answer 24

Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)

Question 25

Why is vaccination not helpful for TGE?

Answer 25

provides systemic immunity (like IgG) but pigs require LOCAL immunity

*need IgA from milk (feedback to sows)

Question 26

Pigs with previous exposure to _____ may have less severe signs from TGE. Why?

Answer 26

PRCV (porcine resp. coronavirus)

Creates neutralizing antibodies

Question 27

What is the most common cause of endemic pre-weaning mortality?

Answer 27

being laid on

Question 28

The F18 strain of E. coli has been linked to which disease in nursery-age pigs?

Answer 28

Edema disease

*edema of eyelids, face, stomach mucosa, and mesocolon

Question 29

Which spp. of coccidia is more common post-weaning/

Answer 29

Eimeria spp.

Question 30

Which disease of nursery pigs can cause purulent meningitis in humans?

Answer 30

Strep suis type 2 (Ss2)

Question 31

Sudden death in pigs 5-10 weeks old and finding neutrophilic meningitis is indicative of?

What drugs could be used to treat?

Answer 31

Strep suis type 2

Penicillin & ceftiofur

Question 32

T/F: Hemophilus parasuis can be isolated from the URT of pigs immediately after birth

Answer 32

FALSE–cannot be transmitted in birth canal

*does colonize early though

Question 33

Which organism is assoc. with polyserositis and polyarthritis (swollen joints) in 3-10 week old pigs?

Where is this pathogen found?

Answer 33

Myocplasma hyorhinis

normal flora of URT

Question 34

What disease do you suspect based on:

• -acute hindlimb lameness
• -pigs 3-5 months old
• -swelling of synovial membranes

What class of antibiotics would you use to treat?

Answer 34

Mycoplasma hyosynoviae

Macrolides

Question 35

Concerning influenza, which type is most important? What subtypes are most important?

What is the global reservoir for this virus?

Answer 35

Type A

subtypes: H1N1, H3N2

reservoir= wild waterfowl

Question 36

What disease is indicated by these signs:

• -10-22 week old pigs
• -sudden onset of coughing, dyspnea
• -recent movement of new animals onto farm
• -lesions on cranioventral lung lobes

Answer 36

Influenza

Question 37

Which resp pathogen is assoc. with severe, rapidly fatal fibrinohemorrhagic & necrotizing pleuropneumonia in finishing pigs?

consider scenarios with weather changes (environmental stressors)

Answer 37

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (APP)

Question 38

If you see skin lesions that make you suspect erysipelas but respiratory signs are predominant, which organism should you suspect?

Answer 38

Actinobacillus suis

Question 39

Concerning Pasteruellosis

1) Mhp is commonly assoc. with which strain
2) Bordetella which strain?

Answer 39

1) Mhp–> pneumonic

2) Bb–> toxigenic (PAR)

Question 40

Concerning diarrhea in finisher pigs, lesions in the terminal ileum are most likely related to which organism?

Vaccination for this should be based on?

Answer 40

Lawsonia intracellularis

Vaccinate based on risk of exposure

Question 41

Causative agent assoc. with Greasy Pig disease

How long can you expect an outbreak to last?

Answer 41

Staph hyicus

1 gestation cycle (3-4 months)