Quiz 2 Flashcards
How do you measure the Glenohumeral joint space?
1) Measure and average joint space at superior, middle and inferior aspects
2) use the anterior glenoid margin
What is the normal range of glenohumeral joint space?
4-5 mm
What does a measurement of <4mm signify in glenohumeral joint space?
arthritis
What does a measurement of >5mm present in a glenohumeral joint space?
dislocation
How do you measure the acromiohumeral space?
Distance from inferior surface of acromion process to superior articular surface of humeral head
What is the normal range of the acromiohumeral space?
7-11 mm
What measurement typically shows a rotator cuff tear in the acromiohumeral space?
<7mm
What does a measurement of >11mm signify in an acromiohumeral joint space?
subluxation, joint effusion, neuropathy
What view is required for a glenohumeral joint space?
AP shoulder, externally rotated
What view is required for the acromiohumeral joint space?
AP shoulder, externally rotated
What view is required for the acromioclavicular space?
AP/PA shoulder/AC joint
How do you measure acromioclavicular space?
Measure acromioclavicular joint space
What is the average measurement result in the acromioclavicular space?
Average is 3 mm, should not vary more than 2-3 mm bilaterally
What does a decreased measurement of acromioclavicular space result in?
arthritis
What does an increased measurement of acromioclavicular space represent?
traumatic separation, resorption and subluxation
What view is required for the coracoclavicular distance?
AP shoulder
How do you measure coracoclavicular distance?
Measure distance from coracoid process to the under surface of the clavicle
What is the measurement range of the coracoclavicular distance?
normal is not greater than 12 mm or not more than 5 mm difference from side to side
What does an increased coracoclavicular distance present?
AC separation
What view is needed for a radiocapitellar line?
Lateral elbow
How do you measure the radiocapitellar line?
Line drawn through the center of and parallel to the radius shaft
What is a normal finding of the radiocapitellar line?
Should pass through center of capitellum
With an abnormal radiocapitellar line what does it represent?
Indication of subluxation (pulled elbow) or dislocation
What view is required for the anterior humeral line?
Lateral elbow
How do you measure the anterior humeral line?
Line drawn along anterior aspect of humerus on a lateral elbow radiograph shold pass through the middle of the capitellum
What will happen to the anterior humeral line in a supracondylar fracture?
With elbow fractures in children, the line will pass anterior to the capitellum
How is the carrying angle measured?
Two lines are drawn, one through the midshaft of the humerus, and the other through the midshaft of the ulna
What is the normal range of the carrying angle?
normal range is 154-178
Average is 169
What view is required for a PA radioulnar angle?
PA wrist
How do you measure the PA radioulnar angle?
1) radioulnar line: tangential from tip of radial styloid to base of ulnar
2) Line parallel and through midshaft of radius
What are the measurements of PA radioulnar angle?
Measure ulnar side proximal angle
- normal = 72-95 degrees
- abnormal may indicate fracture
What view is required for the lateral radius angle?
Lateral wrist
How do you measure the lateral radius angle?
1) Line tangential to most distal points (anterior and posterior) on radial articular surface
2) line through and parallel to shaft of radius
3) measure proximal palm side angle
What is the normal measurement of lateral radius angle?
Palmar, proximal angle measure:
- normal: 79-94 degrees
- abnormal may indicate fracture
What is the minimal diagnostic series for the wrist?
Posterioranterior view (PA)
Medial palmar oblique view
Lateral view
Minimal diagnostic series of the elbow?
Anteroposterior (AP) view
Lateral view
Minimal diagnostic series of the shoulder
Anteroposterior with internal rotation
Anteroposterior with external rotation
What are the three carpal arcs?
Proximal Carpal line
Mid-Carpal line
Distal Carpal Line
The proximal carpal line is drawn around which bones?
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Where is the Proximal Carpal line drawn?
Alone the proximal surface of the scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum
What bones are surrounded by the mid-carpal line?
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Where is the mid-carpal line drawn?
Line drawn at the mid carpal joint articulation or distal surface of the scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum
What bones do the distal carpal line surround?
Capitate
Hammate
How is the distal carpal line drawn?
Line drawn on the proximal surface of the capitate and hammate
What is view required for the ulnar variance?
PA wrist
What is the normal range for the ulnar variance?
distal radius projects 0-3mm beyond the ulna
What does an ulnar variance of >3mm signify?
negative ulnar variance
What is a positive ulnar variance?
Ulnar is more distal
What is the minimal diagnostic series of the hand?
PA Hand
Medial palmar oblique
Lateral
What is the normal finding of the anterior humeral line
Line tangential to anterior humeral cortex should intersect at anterior 1/3 of capitellum
