Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is the range of a normal teardrop distance?
Normal = 6-11 mm
What view is required to measure a teardrop distance?
AP pelvis or hip or modified lateral
What is waldenstrom’s sign
> 11mm (than normal) or > 2mm right vs left from the teardrop distance
What is the ratio of the hip joint space width?
4mm: 4mm: 8mm = 1:1:2
What is the range of the superior hip joint space width?
3-6 mm
What is the range of the axial hip joint space width?
3-7mm
What is the range of the medial hip joint space width?
(4-13mm)
What view is required for the hip joint space width?
AP hip
How do you measure the acetabular depth?
Line from superior pubis at joint margin to upper outer acetabulum; measure from this line to greatest distance to acetabulum floor
What view do you need for acetabular depth?
AP pelvis, hip
What is the normal acetabular depth?
Male: 7-18mm
Female: 9-18mm
What does an acetabular depth of <9mm?
dysplastic
What view is needed for the symphysis pubis width?
Ap pelvis
How do you measure the symphysis pubis width?
Measure between joint surfaces at halfway point
What are the normal measurements of symphysis pubis width?
Male: 5-7mm
Female: 4-6 mm
What view is required for the presacral space measurement?
Lateral sacrum
How do you measure the presacral space?
Measure soft tissue distance from anterior sacrum to posterior rectum (gas density)
What is the normal range of presacral space?
15 yo: 2-20mm
> 20 mm = abnormal soft tissue
What is the view required for acetabular angle?
AP pelvis
who do you do acetabular angle on?
pediatric patients
How do you measure the acetabular angle?
Transverse line through the triradiate cartilages; second line connects lateral and medial acetabular surfaces; measure angle formed
What is the normal measurement of acetabular angle?
12-29 degrees
What is the measurement of protrusio acetabuli also known as?
Kohler’s line
what view do you need to measure protrusio acetabulli?
Ap pelvis, hip
How do you measure the protrusio acetabuli?
tangential line to margin of pelvic inlet and outer border of obturator
What is the normal measurement of protrusio acetabuli?
acetabular floor should not cross the tangential line drawn
What is the femoral neck angle?
Formed by the axis of the femoral neck with the axis of the femoral shaft
What is the normal range of the femoral neck angle?
Should be between 120 -130 degrees
What is coxa vara?
Value < 120 degrees
What is coxa valgum?
> 130 degrees
How do you measure shenton’s line?
Follow the inferior margin of the superior pubic ramus and note the smooth continuity with the medial femoral neck
What does an interrupted shenton’s line signify?
detection of hip dislocation, femoral neck fracture and slipped femoral capital epiphysis
How do you measure the iliofemoral line?
Follow the lateral margin of the ilium noting a smooth curvilinear line continuing with the femoral head and neck
what does the offset or asymmetry of the iliofemoral line signify?
May indicate congenital hip dysplasia, old or new fracture, bone softening disease
how do you measure skinner’s line?
Draw a line parallel to and along the midshaft of the femur, draw a second line perpendicular to the first which is tangential to the tip of the greater trochanter
What should be seen in a skinner’s line?
This line should pass through or below the fovea centralis of the head of the femur
What is Klein’s line?
A line constructed tangential to the outer margin of the femoral neck and parallel with the neck
Where should the Klein’s line intersect?
This line should intersect at or below the fovea centralis some portion of the femoral head. The femoral head overlap should be the same bilaterally.
What view(s) can the Klein’s line be drawn on?
Both Modified lateral and AP
What are the routine diagnostic views of the ankle
AP Ankle
Medial Oblique Ankle
Lateral Ankle
What is measured in Boehlers Angle
Three highest points on the superior surface of the calcaneus are connected with two tangential lines
What are the normal values for Boehlers Angle
28-40 degrees
What is indicated when Boehlers angle is less than 28 degrees
calcaneal fracture or dysplastic calcaneus
What are the normal values for a heel pad measurement
Males: 25mm
Females: 23mm
What is the formula for heel pad measurement adjustments
Add 1mm for every 25lbs past 150lbs
What are the routine views for the knee
AP Knee
Lateral Knee
How should the patient be positioned when performing a lateral knee view
30-45 degree knee bend so that the patella sits in its groove
What is being evaluated in the patellar position measurement
to see if the tendon length is the same (within 20%) as the patellar length
What is the condition referred to if the patellar tendon length is greater than 20% longer than patellar length
Patella alta
What is the condition referred to if the patellar tendon length is more than 20% shorter than the patellar length
Patella baja
What is the normal angle for patellar sulcus
138 degrees +/- 6degrees
How do you measure lateral patellar displacement?
One line tangential to femoral condyles; a second line perpendicular at the margin of the medial articular surface
Where should the second line of the lateral patellar displacement be in relation to the patella?
< or equal to 1mm medial to patella
What will signify a lateral patellar displacement in lateral patellar displacement?
> 1mm medial
