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Pediatric Perfusion > Quiz 2-6 Questions > Flashcards

Quiz 2-6 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

4 components of TOF

A

Pulmonary stenosis, RV hypertrophy, Overriding aorta, VSD

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2
Q

boot shaped heart

A

TOF

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3
Q

TOF shunt direction

A

right to left

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4
Q

EKG with right axis deviation

A

RV enlargement

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5
Q

reduce symptoms of TET spell

A

vasoconstriction, squatting, oxygenation

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6
Q

TOF lungs are _____ on CXR than normal

A

darker

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7
Q

TOF patient with LAD arising from RCA surgical procedure

A

RV to PA valved conduit

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8
Q

causes of excessive shunting with TOF patient on bypass

A
  • bronchial collaterals
  • PDA
  • B-T shunt
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9
Q

ebstein’s abnormality repair

A
  • repair of tricuspid valve
  • exclusion of atrialized ventricle
  • closure of septal defect
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10
Q

single ventricle repair of ebsteins anomaly associated with ______

A

small RV

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11
Q

T/F tricuspid atresia may be associated with TGA

A

true

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12
Q

purpose of unofocalization operation

A
  • fixes MAPCAs

- move pulmonary collaterals from aorta to PA

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13
Q

last operation for tricuspid atresia

A

fontan

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14
Q

MAPCAs

A
  • develop from lack of pulmonary blood flow
  • may be reimplanted to pulmonary artery
  • are multiple aortopulmonary collateral arteries
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15
Q

most common type of tricuspid atresia has which of the following

A
  • pulmonary valve stenosis

- small VSD

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16
Q

patients with tricuspid atresia are managed with _____ ventricle repair

A

single

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17
Q

this structure is funnel shaped and located below pulmonary valve

A

infindibulum

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18
Q

in pulmonary atresia, one or two ventricle repair depends on

A

size of the RV

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19
Q

purpose of fenestration in Fontan

A

-provide pop off in case of increase PVR/RV failure

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20
Q

_____ are associated with pulmonary atresia and develop from high RV pressures

A

sinusoids

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21
Q

conditions that affect myocardial protection in neonates

A
  • bronchial collaterals

- variations in coronary anatomy

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22
Q

neonatal heart can tolerate ischemia better than adult heart because

A

it has more capacity to produce ATP from glycogen

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23
Q

how does calcium cause injury to neonatal heart

A

it passes through calcium channels based on concentration gradients

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24
Q

_________ causes rapid rewarming of the myocardium in neonates

A

increased bronchial flow

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25
Q

during the first year of life the weight of an infant increases to __ times birth weight

A

3x

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26
Q

neonatal myocardium has a higher proportion of _____ than adult myocardium

A

non-contractile elements

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27
Q

T/F an advantage of single dose cardioplegia in the immature heart is less edema

A

True

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28
Q

8 kg 8 month old with VSD - first dose of cardioplegia is

A

240 cc antegrade

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29
Q

delnido ratio

A

1:4

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30
Q

T/F HTK custodiol solution is crystalloid with high sodium

A

false

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31
Q

TGA occurs due to malposition of the aorta (direction)

A

anterior and to the right

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32
Q

common problems associated with senning or mustard procedures (atrial switch)

A
  • atrial inflow obstruction
  • arrhythmias
  • RV failure
33
Q

at the end of the arterial switch procedure, the aorta is ___ to the PA

A

posterior

34
Q

most critical portion of arterial switch

A

reimplantation of coronary arteries

35
Q

blood path of congenitally corrected TGA

A

RA-LV-PA-LA-RV-AO

36
Q

blood path in TGA

A

RA-RV-AO-RA, LA-LV-PA-LA

37
Q

which is a repair at the ventricular level

A

Rastelli procedure

38
Q

surgeon with first atrial switch named after him

A

Jantene

39
Q

Why does arterial switch need to be performed early in child with D-TGA and intact septum

A

prevent atrophy of LV - becomes systemic pump

40
Q

which TGA patient more likely to have heart failure

A

d-TGA with VSD

compared with intact septum

41
Q

T/F small aorta and moderate to sever tricuspid regurgitation increase risk of poor outcome in stage 1 norwood procedure

A

true

42
Q

T/F bicuspid valve is commomn cause for valvular aortic stenosis in neonates

A

true

43
Q

advantage of ross procedure

A

no anticoagulation needed postop

44
Q

in HLHS the majority of cerebal and coronary blood flow is

A

retrograde through PDA

45
Q

RV to PA conduit name in HLHS

A

sano shunt

46
Q

hybrid procedure in HLHS

A
  • bilateral PA bands (more blood to aorta)
  • stented PDA
  • balloon ASD
47
Q

suendocardial fibrosis from aortic valve disease can lead to

A

cardiomyopathy

48
Q

williams syndrome is associated with

A

supravalvular AS

49
Q

ross procedure

A
  • place pulmonary valve in aortic position
  • place homograft in pulmonary position
  • reimplant coronary arteries
50
Q

Norwood procedure

A
  • attach PA to aorta
  • use homograft to augment the ascending aorta and arch
  • place systemic to pulmonary shunt
51
Q

most common type of coarctation of the aorta

A

postductal

52
Q

rarely used repair for coarctation because impaired growth of left arm

A

subclavian flap

53
Q

defect requiring treatment with PGE1 and surgery during neonatal period

A

incomplete aortic arch

54
Q

T/F IAA repair will require dual aortic cannulation

A

true

55
Q

diagnostic technique to diagnose patient with double aortic arch

A
  • barium swallow
  • echo
  • CT scan
56
Q

T/F most coarctation repairs require left heart bypass

A

false

57
Q

present in patients with coarctation of the aorta

A
  • LV hypertrophy
  • congestive heart failure
  • chest pulsations due to collaterals
58
Q

if a patient has coarctation of the aorta and a VSD, which are true

A
  • done in single operation with DHCA or regional cerebral perfusion
  • a combined procedure requires bicaval cannulation
59
Q

which are associated with DiGeorge syndrome

A
  • hypocalcemia
  • immune disorders due to missing thymus
  • conotruncal malformations
  • learning difficulties
60
Q

most common complication with heart transplant

A

rejection

61
Q

TAPVR

A
  • totally anomalous venous return
  • no pulmonary veins drain into LA
  • all pulmonary veins drain into systemic circulation
62
Q

T/F after repair of the cardiac type TAPVR, the coronary sinus drains into the RA

A

false

63
Q

which is a palliation used on patients with TAPVR

A

BAS at time of catheterization

64
Q

T/F supracardiac is the most common classification seen with

A

true

65
Q

cannulation technique for heart transplant

A

aortic and bicaval venous cannulation

66
Q

T/F cyanosis is always associated with TAPVR

A

True

67
Q

T/F increased survival after pediatric heart transplant is associated with a younger age at the time of transplantation

A

True

68
Q

T/F repair of supracardiac TAPVR requires that the confluence of the pulmonary veins be attached to the LA and the vertical vein ligated

A

True

69
Q

which defect involves a single arterial trunk that araises from the heart, supplies systemic, pulmonary, and coronary artery systems

A

truncus arteriosus

70
Q

A patient with DORV has a doubly committed VSD. this VSD is _____

A

in the middle just under both valves

71
Q

if greater than 50% of the aorta arrises from the right ventricle the this would be considered what type of DORV

A

TGA

72
Q

in a patient with DORV, which will best define the coronary anatomy and peripheral PA stenosis

A

cardiac catheterization

73
Q

T/F a patient with TOF type DORV has most of their blood flowing out of the aorta with little pulmonary blood flow

A

True

74
Q

3kg patient has truncus arteriosus. what precautions should be taken regarding the blood prime

A

irradiated packed RBC’s

75
Q

the following has a membrane of fibromuscular tissue in the left atrium

A

cor triatrium sinister

76
Q

surgical intervention for which requires a homograft between the RVOT and PA

A

truncus arteriosus

77
Q

T/F ALCAPA is the most serious of coronary artery anomalies

A

true

78
Q

the operation for removing the pressure on coronary arteries due to constriction between the aorta and PA is called

A

unroofing

Pediatric Perfusion (2 decks)

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