Quiz 2

Question 1

What is the hawthorne effect?

Answer 1

participants’ behavioral changes as a result of their knowledge of being in a study

Question 2

What does confounding mean?

Answer 2

Distortion of an association between an exposure and an out- come because of the influence of a third variable that was not considered in the study design or analysis

Question 3

What is a positive association?

Answer 3

when the value of one variable increases, so does the value of the other variable

Question 4

What is a negative association?

Answer 4

when the value of one variable increases, the value of the other variable decreases

Question 5

What is dose-response?

Answer 5

a correlative association between exposure and effect

Question 6

What is descriptive epidemiology?

Answer 6

who, what, when, where, and how many?

Question 7

What are the criteria of causality?

Answer 7

Biological gradient 
Consistency 
Specificity 
Strength 
Temporality 
Experiment 
Coherence
Analogy 
Plausibility

Question 8

What is the epidemiological triangle?

Answer 8

a model that describes the etiology of infectious diseases which includes the host, agent, and the environment

Question 9

What is a descriptive study?

Answer 9

studies that are concerns with characterizing the amount and distribution of a disease within a population, they aim to find a pattern

Question 10

What is an example of a descriptive study?

Answer 10

John Graunt collecting descriptive characteristics of birth and death data to describe populations vital stats

Question 11

Whats an analytic study?

Answer 11

studies the association between exposures and health conditions

Question 12

Whats an example of an analytic study?

Answer 12

John snow– suspecting the contamination in the water leading to the cholera outbreak