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Clinical Science > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Vitamin deficiency anemia

A

Low b12 or folate from poor diet, vitamins required for erythropoiesis

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2
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

Rare: body stops erythropoiesis resulting from chemicals, drugs, autoimmune issue

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3
Q

Hemolytic anemia

A

Destruction of RBCs resulting from multiple causes, inherited, infection

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4
Q

Anemia of chronic disease

A

Multiple chronic conditions, decreased RBC in marrow, chronic inflammatory and neoplastic states impair RBC production

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5
Q

Siderblastic anemia

A

Multiple causes, bone marrow produces abnormal RBCs which prevent iron from being incorporated in hemoglobin

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6
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Inherited, sickle shape RBC

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7
Q

Thalassemia

A

Body produces abnormal alpha or beta chain of hemoglobin (genetic)

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8
Q

Types of WBC

A

Monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils

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9
Q

Norm value CBC for WBC

A

4.5-11.0 x 10^3/ul

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10
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Elevated WBC count

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11
Q

Leukopenia

A

Decreased WBC count

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12
Q

Leukocytosis causes

A

Bacterial infections, corticosteroids, inflammatory process, bone marrow issue, physical exertion, stress, malignancy, smokers, newborns

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13
Q

Leukopenia causes

A

Viral and parasitic infections

Can be: decreased production, radiation, benign ethnic leukopenia, alcohol abuse, poor nutrition, gastric bypass (impairs folic acid absorption so decreased WBC production)

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14
Q

CBC differential neutrophil norm values

A

50-70% of WBC

Absolute neutrophil: 1.8-7.8 x 10^3/ul

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15
Q

Neutropenia conditions

A

Severe (500): high risk bacterial infection
Moderate (500-1000): moderate risk
Mild (1000-1500): mild risk

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16
Q

Band neutrophil

A

Less mature nucleus

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17
Q

Segmented neutrophil

A

Mature nucleus

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18
Q

Lymphocytes (3)

A

T cells, B cells, NK (natural killer) cells

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19
Q

Lymphocyte norm value

A

Varies 20-40%

1.8-4.8 x 10^3/ul

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20
Q

Lymphoblast

A

Immature lymphocyte

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21
Q

Lymphocytosis causes

A

Viral- mono, CMV, HIV, pneumonia, mumps, varicella, flu, hepatitis, rubella, measles, pertussis, bartonella

22
Q

Lymphocytopenia causes

A

Bacterial or fungal sepsis, postoperative, chemo or radiation, malignancy, glucocorticosteriods, immunosuppressants

23
Q

Monocyte norm value

A

2-8% of WBC

0.0-0.8 x 10^3/ul

24
Q

Increased monocyte causes

A

Bacterial, viral, parasitic, hemolytic anemia, autoimmune, myeloproliferative disorder

25
Q

Eosinophils norm value

A

0-7%

0.00-0.45 x 10^3/ul

26
Q

Mild, moderate, severe eosinophilia values

A

Mild: 500-1500
Moderate: 1500-5000
Severe: >5000

27
Q

Eosinophilia causes

A

Parasites, allergic disorders, drug reactions, occasional autoimmune

28
Q

Eosinopenia causes

A

Acute or bacterial infections

29
Q

Basophil norm values

A

0-3%

0.00-0.20 x 10^3/ul

30
Q

Platelet norm values

A

150-450 x 10^3/ul

31
Q

Thrombocytopenia causes

A

Lab error
Drug induced
HIV, hep c, Epstein Barr virus, sepsis, parasites
Alcohol, pregnancy, nutrition, malignancy

32
Q

RBC norm values

A

Men: 4.6-6.0 x 10^6/ul
Women: 3.9-5.5 x 10^6/ul

33
Q

Increased RBC cause

A

Smoking, dehydration, increased EPO, bone marrow malignancy, polycythemia (abnormal high RBC and high hemoglobin count)

34
Q

Decreased RBC cause

A

Anemia, bleeding, hematopoietic failure (radiation, toxins, tumor), poor nutrition (b6, b12, folate, iron)

35
Q

Hemoglobin norm value

A

Men: 13.6-17.2 g/dL
Women: 12.0-15.0 g/dL

36
Q

Increased hemoglobin cause

A

Tobacco and advanced COPD, alcohol abuse, dehydration

37
Q

Decreased hemoglobin cause

A

Acute blood loss anemia, malnutrition, renal failure, disorder of hemoglobin structure

38
Q

Hematocrit norm values

A

Men: 41-50%
Women: 35-45%

39
Q

Iron deficiency anemia

A

Decreased iron in body from blood loss, pregnancy, poor diet, gastric bypass

40
Q

Serum iron norm value

A

60-150 mcg/dL

41
Q

Increased iron causes

A

Beta-thalassemia
Alcoholic cirrhosis (liver damage=increased ferritin)
High iron intake
Hereditary hemochromatosis

42
Q

Decreased iron causes

A 
Iron deficiency anemia
Anemia of chronic disease
Chronic renal failure
Inadequate absorption
Increased loss
Increased demand (pregnancy)
43
Q

Serum ferritin norm values

A

15-200 ng/ml

44
Q

Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) norm values

A

250-400 mcg/dL

45
Q

Transferrin saturation value

A

33%

Serum iron/TIBC = % transferrin sat

46
Q

Sodium norm value

A

136-142 mEq/L

47
Q

Potassium norm value

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

48
Q

Glucose norm value

A

70-110 mg/dL

49
Q

Creatinine norm value

A

Men 0.7-1.3 mg/dL

Women 0.6-1.1 mg/dL

50
Q

Bilirubin norm value

A

0.3-1.2 mg/dL

Clinical Science (2 decks)

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